TO THE LOWER ANIMALS. 87 



magnitude of these differences, when placed side by side 

 with those which separate the Gorilla from other animals 

 of the same order. 



In the general proportions of the body and limbs there 

 is a remarkable difference between the Gorilla and Man, 

 which at once strikes the eye. The Gorilla's brain-case is 

 smaller, its trunk larger, its lower limbs shorter, its upper 

 limbs longer in proportion than those of Man. 



I find that the vertebral column of a full grown Gorilla, 

 in the Museum of the Eoyal College of Surgeons, meas- 

 ures 27 inches along its anterior curvature, fi'om the upper 

 edge of the atlas, or first vertebra of the neck, to the lower 

 extremity of the sacrum ; that the arm, without the hand, 

 is 314 inches long ; that the leg, without the foot, is 26^ 

 inches long ; that the hand is 9|- inches long ; the foot 

 11 J inches long. 



In other words, taking the length of the spinal column 

 as 100, the arm equals 115, the leg 96, the hand 36, and 

 the foot 4:1. 



In the skeleton of a male Bosjesman, in the same col- 

 lection, the proportions, by the same measurement, to the 

 spinal column, taken as 100, are — the arm 78, the leg 110, 

 the hand 26, and the foot 32. In a woman of the same 

 race the arm is 83, and the leg 120, the hand and foot 

 remaining the same. In a European skeleton I find the 

 arm to be 80, the leg 117, the hand 26, the foot 35. 



Thus the leg is not so different as it looks at first sight, 

 in its proportions to the spine in the Gorilla and in the 

 Man — being very slightly shorter than the spine in the 

 former, and between j\ and } longer than the spine in 

 the latter. The foot is longer and the hand much longer 

 in the Gorilla ; but the great difference -is caused by the 

 arms, which are very much longer than the spine in the 

 Gorilla, very much shorter than the spine in the Man. 



