Section 13 — Plant Genetics and Breeding 



13.27. Variability of Anthocyan in Chimera Cabbage 

 Plants. A. S. Kruzhilin, I. E. Gloushchenko, 

 Z. M. Shvedskaja and L. K. Sokolova 

 (Moscow. U.S.S.R.). 



1. The anthocyan colour of plants is a stable 

 hereditary character which is inherited both by 

 sexual and vegetative reproduction. Therefore 

 we have studied possible variability of anthocy- 

 ans in intraspecific grafting of cabbage forms of 

 different colour — i.e. in cabbage chimeras 

 (developed from the callus) and their seed 

 progeny. 



2. It has been shown that under the influence 

 of non-coloured plants of the stock which do not 

 contain anthocyan, the content of anthocyan of 

 rubobrassicin type in the coloured scion plants is 

 considerably reduced. The analogical phenome- 

 non is seen in the chimera sprouts. In spite of 

 their cutting off the coloured chimera sections, 

 the content of anthocyan is very low. The same 

 is also true for their further vegetative propaga- 

 tion (by cutting) and for their sexual repro- 

 duction. Therefore the hereditary character of 

 the plants — their colour — is changed in chimeras 

 obtained by grafting. This shows that callus 

 tissues of the chimeras do not exist autonomous- 

 ly, but interact physiologically by means of 

 metabolism. Their properties modify in the 

 course of seed progeny development. Therefore 

 we believe the intraspecific cabbage chimeras to be 

 of the vegetative hybrid type. 



3. As to the anthocyan content, the coloured 

 plants of chimera seed progeny and of sexual 

 hybrids of the same combinations are almost 

 alike. This indicates that the variability of 

 plants obtained by grafting and crossing is of the 

 same type. 



4. Anthocyan is synthesized and accumulated 

 in leaves and stalks. It is not found in the roots, 

 even of the plants with coloured surface organs. 



13.28. The Study of Intraspecific Cabbage Chimeras 

 and Their Seed Progeny. I. E. Gloushchenko 

 (Moscow, U.S.S.R.). 



joined together (at the place of the cutting), the 

 adventive buds of hybrid nature are formed. 

 They have different amounts of genetical charac- 

 ters of grafting components. The highest 

 percentage of hybrid plants in our experiments 

 amounted to 30.7 per cent. 



It has been shown by the research that the 

 plants obtained out of the callus tissues are 

 young as to their stage of development and are 

 biologically identical with those obtained out of 

 the seeds. The taking off of the developmental 

 processes occurs when the places of multicellular 

 callus tissue are formed. These places are charac- 

 terized by the higher basophily of the protoplasm, 

 which, as a rule, is an indication of cell youth. 



The studying of seed progeny of intraspecific 

 cabbage chimeras has confirmed the hybrid 

 nature of the experimental plants. When crossing 

 of the initial components (control) produces in 

 the first generation only the plants of one type 

 which have intermediate inheritance of the main 

 characters (colour and form of stalks and 

 leaves), the chimeras of the first seed generation 

 possess a great variety of these characters 

 (segregation). 



There has been established the following 

 regularity: when seeds are taken directly from the 

 grafted plants, the diversity of the progeny is 

 very great; when seeds are taken from the chime- 

 ra cuttings the variation of the progeny is not so 

 great. However, in the latter case the variation is 

 different from that of the crossing. 



The second generation of the chimera grafted 

 group possesses greater diversity than the first 

 one. 



When a callus occurs as a result of different 

 species grafting and then decapitation, there 

 are also formed adventive buds and sprouts of the 

 chimera type. The progeny of such sprouts 

 however have, as a rule, the characters of one 

 species. 



Consequently the nature of intraspecific 

 cabbage chimeras which are practically one of the 

 forms of vegetative hybridization is different 

 from that of interspecific chimeras. 



The nature of intraspecific cabbage chimeras 

 and their seed progeny has been studied by the 

 author during eight recent years. 



It has been determined that in the progress of 

 callus tissues forming, there take part the products 

 of scion and stock protoplasts destroyed by the 

 cutting. The basic character of the callus is the 

 small-celled tissue which is formed out of 

 cambium as a result of the trauma. 



When the callus occurs at the place where 

 two varieties belonging to the same species are 



13.29. Alterations of Hereditary Traits in Solanum 

 melongena induced by Grafts with Solanum 

 nigrum. C. C. Mathon, M. Stroun and 

 J. Stroun (Poitiers, France). 



The pupil plant is the "white round" egg- 

 plant, and the mentor plant a strain of black 

 nightshade. 



The pupil is the epibiota and the mentor the 

 hypobiota. Controls are represented by homo- 

 grafts of the pupil variety. The technical con- 



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