184 The Plant World 



The spinescent composite Tetradymia Nuttalhi, is co'.nmon near 

 Green River. Of course, throughout this region Helianthus 

 p ■tiolaris, Cleome serrulata and Distichlis spicata are common. 

 Other maritime plants belonging to the genera Spartina, 

 Kochia, Scirpus, Suaeda, Salicornia, and Hordeum are abundant. 



I have been much struck by the extraordinary number of 

 European plants which have become established in Utah. Many 

 of these were no doubt introduced by the early Mormon settlers. 

 Everywhere in the streets one can see the caraway (Carum carvi), 

 lovage (Levisiicum officinale) , poison hemlock{Comummaculatum) , 

 carrot (Daucus carota), chicory {Cichorium Intybus), pepper- 

 mint {Mentha piperita), spearmint (M. spicata), horehound 

 (Marrubium vulgare), catnip {Nepeta Cataria), wormwood 

 {Artemisia stellariana Bess.), tansy {Tanacetum vulgare), may- 

 weed {Anthemis cotula), pineapple weed {Matricaria suaveolens) , 

 Canada thistle {Cirsium arvense), bull thistle (C. lanceolatum), 

 mullein {Verbascum Thapsus and V. Blattaria), buckhorn 

 {Plantago lanceolata) , hla.c'k medic {Medicago lupulina), sweet 

 clover {Melilotus alba). The storksbill {Erodium cicutarium) , 

 Bromus tectorum, Hordeum murinum have spread rapidly and 

 are a great detriment to the stock industry. 



Leaving the volcanic lava fields of Idaho we may pass on 

 to the Blue Mountains of eastern Oregon. The flora here is 

 much more Rocky Mountain than Cascade. The bull pine 

 {Pinus ponderosa) at lower altitudes in the mountains attains 

 great size, often m,ore than 150 feet high and six feet in diameter; 

 at higher altitudes the lodge pole pine {Pimis Murrayana) oc- 

 curs from Oregon to British Columbia. Other conifers occurring 

 at higher altitudes are the Engelmann spruce {Picea Engelmanii) 

 and the Larix Lyalii, sometimes a timber-line tree, as well as 

 the Tsuga mertensiana in British Columbia. The Douglas fir 

 {Pseudoisuga Douglasii) occurs at lower altitudes and does not, 

 however, attain its maximum height and development until the 

 west slope of the Cascades is reached. The shrubby cinquefoil 

 {Potentilla fruticosa) is common in the marshes in the Uintah 

 Mountains at higher altitudes. The large-leaved aven {Geum 

 macrophyllum) , the blue-flowered lupine {Lupinus leuco phyllus) , 

 the yellow-flowered bitter-weed {Thermo psis montana), and the 

 purple flowered monkey flower {{Mimulus Lewsii) growing near 



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