190 The Plant World, 



common; brambles, rose and saI:non berry abound in the wood. 



Farther eastward we have an elevated plateau made up 

 largely of disintegrated lava beds. The su:aimers are hot and 

 they have brief cold spells in the winter but these are tempered 

 by the Chinook winds. The Palouse, Spokane, Yakima, and 

 Walla Walla countries are well-known. The Spokane country 

 is much drier, the annual precipitation being about 16 inches. 

 Here the Pimis ponderosa develops perfectly, and along with it 

 the sage brush {Artemisia tridentata) and many xerophytic 

 grasses. 



The forests of the Cascades on the coast may consist of 

 many pure stands of the fir with many trees 8 and 9 and even 10 

 to 12 feet in diameter, or they may be interspersed with the 

 western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylld) from 2 to 6 feet in diameter, 

 and from 100 to 200 feet high, or the Washington cedar {Thuja 

 piicata), a magnificent and graceful tree from 100 to 200 feet 

 high and from 2 to 12 feet in diameter at the base, and a large 

 fir {Abies grandis) and an occasional spruce {Picea). The 

 forests reach to the very edge of Puget Sound and skirt the shore 

 lines of the streams and lakes. 



THE PREVALENCE OF CERTAIN PARASITIC AND 



SAPROPHYTIC FUNGI IN ORCHARDS AS 



DETERMINED BY PLATE CULTURES. 



By Frederick Adolph Wolf. 



(Continued from July Number.) 

 DISCUSSION OF P.^RASITIC FORMS. 



1. Phyllosticta limitata Pk. 



a. Historical. — It has generally been conceded that the leaf- 

 spot of apples was caused by Phyllosticta liynitata Pk. The dis- 

 ease, in its economic aspect, was first mentioned by Alwood*in 

 1892. He described it as a "brown spot" on the foliage and 

 attributed the cause doubtfully to Phyllosticta pirina. 



Kinney t cited the same fungus as the cause of leaf -spot in 

 Rhode Island in 1895. 



StewartI in 1896, reported a leaf-spot in Long Island which 

 Peck decided was caused by a fungus which he na'iied Phyllo- 

 sticta limitata. 



•Alwood: Bulletin Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station. 17:59, 62. 1892. 



tKinney: Annual Report Rhode Island Agricultural Exp. Station. 17:188-189. 189S. 



jStcwart: Annual Report New York Agricultural Exp. Station. 14 (188S):S45-S46. 

 1896. 



