204 The Plant World. 



Warming's "Ecology of Plants" (Clarendon Press, 1909) 

 presents various noteworthy departures from the author's 

 original work of 1895, which was subsequently translated into 

 German. Most noticeable is the extension of the original four 

 groups characterized as hydrophytes, xerophytes, halophytes, 

 and mesophytes, into thirteen, namely: 



A. Soil very wet. 



1. Hydrophytes {water plants). 



2. Helophytes (marsh plants). 



B. Soil physiologically dry. 



3. Oxylopyhtes (on sour soil). 



4. Psychrophytes (on cold soil). 



5. Halophytes (on saline soil). 



C. Soil physically dry, clim.ate of secondary importance.. 



6. Lithophytes (on rocks). 



7. Psammophytes (on sand and gravel). 



8. Chersophytes (on waste land). 



D. Climate dry, soil properties dominated by climate. 



9. Eremophytes (desert and steppe). 



10. Psilophytes (savannah). 



11. Schlerophyllous formations (bush and forest). 



E. Soil physically or physiologically dry. 



12. Coniferous formations (forest). 



F. Soil and climate favor mesophilus formations. 



13. Mesophytes. 



The well-known " Physiologische Pflanzen Anatomic" of 

 Haberlandt has passed into its fourth edition. (Engelmann, 

 Leipzig, 1909.) 



From Professor J. M. McFarlane's study of the Nepentha- 

 ceae contributed to Engler's "Pflanzenreich," it appears that 

 these plants are limited almost exclusively to the monsoon- 

 region of the East Indies with their main center in northern 

 Borneo. A^. madagascarensis has extended farthest from this 

 center and A^. phyllamphora has the widest area of distribution, 

 extending from southeast China through Sumatra and Borneo 

 into New Guinea. In the related family, Sarraceniaceae, also 

 elaborated by Dr. McFarlane for the "Pflanzenreich," there 

 are three genera, Heliamphora, found only in a limited area be- 

 tween British Guiana and Venezuela, Darlingtonia, with its 



