could be demonstrated. Conversely, the level of insult 

 would be hard to demonstrate on such sensitive organisms 

 which tend to be killed or to emigrate. For the purpose 

 of this report, the word "insult" is being used to indicate 

 something different from "exposure", "effect", or "impact". 

 Although the ambiguity of these terms will probably not 

 be totally resolved by this definition, "insult" here 

 should be thought of as the amount of harmful substance 

 that penetrated an organism's natural, first line defenses 

 (e.g. skin, shells, exoskeletons , etc.). This would 

 include "body burden" and coating of sensitive areas, but 

 not, for example, coating of shells. As a further example, 

 water column concentrations may be said to "insult" 

 filter feeders. "Effects" can be migration, death, 

 metabolism changes, etc. "Impact" will be used to refer 

 to the entire picture: exposure, insult, and effect. 



1.7 References 



MIST, 1979. Ren tur - program for miljosakra sjb'transporter . Betankande 

 av kommitten for miljorisker vid sjb'transporter. SOU 1979:43. 

 Liber Fbrlag, Stockholm, 1-117 (In Swedish). 



Pollack, A.M. and K.D. Stolzenbach. 1978. Crisis Science: investigations 

 in response to the Argo Merchant oil spill. MIT Sea Grant Program, 

 Report No. MITSG 78-8, June 1978. 



Shaw, D.G., A.J. Paul, L.M. Cheek and H.M. Feder. 1976. Ma coma balthica : 

 An Indicator of Oil Pollution. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 7:29-31. 



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