However, chemical analysis alone is not sufficient. Chemistry by 

 itself can indicate levels of insult, but the high cost of analysis 

 necessitates the establishment of analytical priorities. When biological 

 studies are conducted, highest analytical priority must be given to 

 those samples which can best elucidate observed biological phenomena. 

 In the Tsesis investigation, having the biologists perform sampling for 

 chemical analysis worked well. Instructing biologists on specific 

 chemical sampling procedures to avoid contamination or other ambiquities 

 was not a problem, and this seems to be the best way to ensure that the 

 chemistry and biology are fully integrated in time, location, and purpose. 

 Although it is not a serious disadvantage to have a large set of samples 

 to choose from, the analysis of samples carefully chosen to support a 

 specific study appears to be more cost effective than a broad survey 

 approach where time and space correlations with the biological sampling 

 are hard to ensure. It seems that, even though chemical analysis is 

 essential, the biology program should dictate the priorities. 



If the biology program cannot be complete (due to circumstances, 

 logistics, or other reasons) it should at least be as cohesive as possi- 

 ble. Many conclusions of the Tsesis investigation required supporting 

 results from a number of studies. This requires careful planning. 



6. Implementation : Spills do not usually occur in convenient 

 locations. The problems of responding to an accidental spill in most 

 cases, Tsesis excepted, necessitate a quick responding investigative 

 team to assess the situation and select appropriate follow-up studies 

 (see section 1.6). In the case of local contingency research plans in 

 high risk areas (such as the Sodertalje shipping channel), details of 

 the study can be laid out in advance and the study narrowed according to 

 the events of the spill. For less pre-studied areas or for readiness in 

 general, it is necessary to lay out a flexible scientific capability. 

 The initial investigation (quick response) will have to include some 

 method for rapidly learning the important aspects of the environment 

 unluckily chosen by the spill, and then determining the parameters that 

 are most important to measure in that case. A plan that is flexible 

 enough to fit a variety of situations, but rigid enough to comply with 

 practised and proven methods, is the ultimate goal. 



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