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barriers that prevent sound and equitable management and utiliza- 

 tion of estuarine resources, to determine whether they can be 

 removed. We need to promote new institutional arrangements to 

 provide a nation-wide protective mantle for estuaries. Studies 

 of State and local government, law, and policies as they pertain 

 to ownership, planning, zoning, and land and water use must be 

 made. Model legislation for the desired results must be developed. 



There is the whole new question of the legal aspects of offshore 

 waters that has been introduced by increased offshore dumping and 

 long outfalls having effects beyond territorial limits, as well as 

 the commercial aspects of fishing, oil development, mining, and 

 other resources exploitation. Concentrated research into the means 

 for local control of dumps outside the continental United States 

 needs to be initiated and conpleted. While certain controls can 

 be exercised at the loading points and during transport of the 

 materials within continental waters, there is a serious question 

 as to whether any legal controls can be exercised by State or 

 Federal authorities over dumps outside the continental United 

 States. Legal control methods must be developed quickly and 

 international ramifications must be fully explored. 



SUMMARY 

 A. Planning 



1. Planners need information concerning human factors to 



