VI-233 



(2) There is little knowledge of conditions responsible for 

 the change in an estuary from a salt-wedge to a partially 

 mixed estuary, or from a fjord to either a salt-wedge or 

 partially mixed estuary. These conditions need study, 

 particularly those in fjords. 



(3) In the development of models, both theoretical and 

 numerical models should be stressed as they include the 

 possibility of the incorporation of biological, chemical, 

 and physical processes at prototype scales. 



(4) The turbulent processes need investigation as their 

 dependence on density stratification and mean velocity 

 shear plays a dominant role in the behavior of these 

 estuaries. 



Turbulent Flux and Diffusion 



(1) Detailed observational approaches to the problem of 

 turbulent diffusion are needed. Simultaneous measurements 

 of turbulent fluctuations in velocity, salinity, and other 

 properties together with environmental factors such as 

 shears in mean velocity and stability of the water column 

 are necessary. Likewise, tracer studies on a scale of 10-100 

 meters should be carried out under various environmental 

 conditions. 



