THE WARFARE OF SCIENCE. 395 



And Protestant people are not a whit behind Catholic in follow- 

 ing out these teachings. The people of Elbing made themselves 

 merry over a farce in whicli Kopernik was the main object of ridicule. 

 The people of Nuremberg, a great Protestant centre, caused a medal to 

 be struck, with inscriptions ridiculing the philosojiher and his theory.' 



Then was tried one piece of strategy very common formerly in 

 battles between theologians themselves. It consists in loud shoutings 

 that the doctrine attacked is old, outworn, and already refuted that 

 various distinguished gentlemen have proved it false that it is not a 

 living truth, but a detected lie that, if the world listens to it, that is 

 simply because the world is ignorant. This strategy was brought to 

 bear on Copernicus. It was shown that his doctrine was simply a re- 

 vival of the Pythagorean notion, which had been thoroughly exploded. 

 Fromundus, in his title-page and throughout his book, delights in re-, 

 ferring to the doctrine of the revolution of the planets around the 

 sun, as " that Pythagorean notion." This mode of warfare was imi- 

 tated by the lesser opponents, and produced, for some time, consider- 

 able effect.^ 



But the new truth could neither be laughed down nor forced down. 

 Many minds had received it ; only one tongue dared utter it. This 

 new warrior was that strange mortal, Giordano Bruno. He was 

 hunted from land to land, until, at last, he turns on his pursuers 

 with fearful invectives. For this he is imprisoned six years, then 

 burned alive and his ashes scattered to the winds. Still the new 

 truth lived on ; it could not be killed. Within ten years after the 

 martyrdom of Bruno,'' after a world of troubles and persecutions, the 



treatise is cited by the Catholic World, September, 1870. The correct title is as given 

 above. It will be found in the " Corpus Refonnatorum," ed. Bretschneider : Halle, 

 1846. (For the above passage sec vol. xiii., pp. 216, 217.) Also, Lauge," Geschichte des 

 Materialismus," vol. i., p. 217. Also, Prowe, " Ueber die Abhangigkeit des Copernicus," 

 Thorn, I860, p. 4. Also, note, pp. 5 and 6, where text is given in full. 



^ For treatment of Copernican ideas by the people, see Catholic World, as above. 

 Fromundus, cited above, heads his sixth chapter as follows, "Scriptura Sacra Oppugnat 

 Copernicanos," and cites from the Psalms the passage speaking of the sun which " oometh 

 forth as a bridegroom from his chamber;" and also from Ecclesiastes, "Terra in Aeter- 

 num Stat." " Anti-Aristarchus," p. 29. Some of his titles also show his style in philo- 

 sophical argument, e. g., " The wind would constantly blow from the east ; we should, with 

 great difficulty, hear sounds against such a wind" (chapter xi.); "Buildings, and the 

 earth itself, would fly off with such a rapid motion" (chapter x.). For another of Fro- 

 mundus's arguments, showing, both from theology and mathematics (with suitably-mixed 

 theology), that the earth must be in the centre of the universe, see Quetelet, " Histoire 

 des Sciences Mathematiques et Physiques," p. 170, Bruxelles, 1864. 



^ See title-page of Fromundus's work cited in note at bottom of p. 392 ; also, Me- 

 lanchthon, uhi supra. 



2 See Bartholmes, "Vie de Jordano Bruno," Paris, 1846, vol. i., pp. 121 and pp. 212, 

 et seq. Also Beiti, " Vita di Giordano Bruno," Firenze, 1868, chapter xvi. Also Whe- 

 well, i., 294, 295. That Whewell is somewhat hasty in attributmg Bruno's punishment 

 entirely to the " Spaccio della Bestia Trionfante " will be evident, in spite of Monteula, to 

 any one who reads the account of the persecution iu Bartholmes or Bcrti; and, even if 



