31. State V. Capedeville , supra , note 14 at 425. See also , Miami Corp. v. State , supra , 

 noteTS 



32. La. Civ. Code Ann. arts. 499-501 



33. Esso Standard Oil v. Jones , supra , note 25 



34. Lo. Civ. Code Ann. art. 499 



35. jd. 



36. See, Butler v. State , 244 So. 2d 888 (La. App. 1971), writ denied 246 So. 2d 680. 

 Before accurate survey records were kept, the burden of proving how a sandbar 

 evolved was immense. With modern scientific mapping and satellite observation 

 technique, proof problems will be minimized in the future. 



37. La. Civ. Code Ann. art. 504 



38. l72So. 824(La. App. 1937) 



39. ]d., at 829 



40. Louisiana Courts are apparently disposed to grant all the former bed— including 

 sandbars attached to land—to the landowner whose property is now inundated by the 

 river, See, Stephens v. Drake , 134 So. 2d 674 (1961). The court apparently decides 

 that Article 504 overrules Article 499 when the two come into conflict. 



41. La. Civ. Code Ann. art 504 



42. La. Civ. Code Ann. art 503 



43. 43 U.S.C.A. Sections 1301 et seq . See text accompanying notes 54 to 63, infra 



44. La. Civ. Code Ann. art 451 



45. An "arm of the sea" is generally considered any body of water immediately 

 adjacent to, or directly connected with the sea. See , Buras v. Salinovich , 154 La. 495, 

 97 So. 748 (1923) citing Morgan v. Negodich , 40 La. Ann. 246, 3 So. 636 (1887) with 

 approval. Lake Pontchartrain has always been held to be an arm of the sea. 



46. New Orleans Land Co. v. Board of Levee Comm'rs ., 171 La. 718, 132 So. 121 

 (l9Jn 



47. Ruch V. New Orleans , 43 La. Ann. 275, 9 So. 473 ( 1 89 1 ) 



48. Littoral refers to those things related to, or located near, the coastline. 



49. If the eroded lands are presently subject to a lease, the State will take ownership 

 of those lands subject to any existing leases. The legislature has provided that the 

 landowner will not lose any presently valid lease. See , La. Rev. Stat. Ann. Section 

 9:1 151. This limits the landowner's loss to royalty revenue derived from a discovery 



137 



