FAMILIES OF FLOWEKING PLANTS. 



249 



panded into a flat strap-shaped or 

 ligidate portion known as a ray ; the 

 rays make up the conspicuous por- 

 tion of the flower, and are what seem 

 to be petals. Anthers united into 

 a tube around the style, the anther 

 sacs appendaged at the base and 

 summit. Style slender and 2-cleft. 

 Ovary 1-celled, with a single ovule, 

 becoming a small seed-like fruit 

 known as an achene. Fig. 219, re- 

 presenting the flower of the dande- 

 lion, will serve to make this more 

 clear. 



There are many different types of 

 plants among the Cichoriaceae. Some 

 few afford garden vegetables, as the 

 salsify ( Tragopogon) and the lettuce 

 {Lactuca), while the chicory {Oiclio- 

 rium) is widely kno"s\ai as an adulter- 

 ant for coffee. The leaves of the 

 Fig. 218. The great blue lobelia (iodfto jrM»7- common daudeliou are highly es- 



east\^s" ^"""'^ ^""^ Brown, 111. Fl. North- ^^^^^^ ^^ j^QilgjJ "greeUS." MaUY 



Fig. 219, The common dandelion : 1, two flower stalks ; in one the head is closed, 

 showing the double involucre, the inner erect, the outer reflexed; in the other the head 

 open, showing that all the flowers are strap-shaped ; 2, a single flower showing inferior 

 ovary, pappus, corolla, stamen tube, and two-parted style ; 3, a mature achene ; 4, a head 

 from which all but one of the achenes have been removed, showing the pitted recep- 

 tacle and the prominent pappus beak.— After Strasburger. From Coulter's Plant Struc- 

 ture, by courtesy of D. Appleton & Co. 



