Figure 14. This series illustrates the development of stamens in female 

 flowers of Melandrium nibriim (Weig. ) Garcke, infected with the fungus 

 Ustilago violacea. (a). Androecium of the normal mature male flower, (b) . 

 Gynoecium of the normal mature female flower. Note the greatly reduced 

 androecium, consisting of staminodes. (c). An infected female flower, show- 

 ing the induced stamens, eleven in number, producing dark smut spores in 

 great abundance, (d). Androecium as seen in a dissected male flower bud. 

 (e) . Androecium, of somewhat smaller stamens, induced in a smut-infected 

 female flower, as seen in a dissected bud equivalent to that illustrated in (d) . 

 (Original drawings, C. W. Wardlaw.) 



