SUMMARY 



On the basis of the foregoing considerations, it is recommended that 

 (1) the most sensitive stage be used where possible as the basis for acute 

 median tolerance limit tests; (2) temperature used for tests should 

 approximate the natural conditions to which the fish will be subjected 

 during critical periods in the outdoor environment; (3) median tolerance 

 limit value should be based on the time at which an asymptote is reached in 

 the decline of the toxicity curve; (4) where possible, reproductive 

 behavior and success be used as the final criterion of the proper endpoint 

 used to determine safe concentration of toxicants or effluents; and (5) 

 uniform application factors not be used over a broad spectrum of species or 

 toxicants without definitive chronic tests. 



REFERENCES 



Adelman, I.R., L.L. Smith, Jr., and G.D. Siesennop. 1976. Chronic toxicity 

 of guthion to the fathead minnow ( Pimephales promelas Refinesque). 

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Eaton, J.G. 1974. Chronic cadmium toxicity to the bluegill ( Lepomis 

 macrochirus Rafinesque). Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 103: 729-735. 



Macek, K.J., and W.A. McAllister. 1970. Insecticide susceptibility of some 

 common fish family representatives. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 99: 20-27. 



McKim, J.M., and D.A. Benoit. 1971. Effects of long-term exposures to 



copper on survival, growth, and reproduction of brook trout ( Salvelinus 

 fontinalis ). J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 28: 655-662. 



Mount, D.I. 1968. Chronic toxicity of copper to fathead minnows ( Pime - 

 phales promelas Rafinesque). Water Res. 2: 215-223. 



Mount, D.I., and C.E. Stephan. 1967. A method for establishing acceptable 

 toxicant limits for fish - malathion and the butoxyethanol ester of 

 2,4-D. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 96: 185-193. 



1969. Chronic toxicity of copper to the fathead minnow 



( Pimephales promelas ) in soft water. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 26: 

 2449-2457. 



Pickering, Q.H., and M.H. Gast. 1972. Acute and chronic toxicity of cad- 

 mium to the fathead minnow ( Pimephales promelas ). J. Fish. Res. Board 

 Can. 29: 1099-1106. 



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