(3) biological uptake, storage, and elimination; 



(4) sublethal effects on growth, reproduction, and 

 morphogenesis; 



(5) physiologic-biochemical effects and the organisms' 

 homeostatic ability to adapt to natural stresses; 



(6) effects on energy transfer and physical, chemical, and 

 biological interrelations in aquatic ecosystems; 



(7) methods for identifying and quantifying pesticides, 

 their degradation products, and other contaminants; 



(8) physiochemical factors affecting molecular structure 

 and biologic activity; 



(9) effects on behavior; 



(10) methods for eliminating or deactivating chemical resi- 

 dues; and 



(11) correlations of residues with their biologic activity. 



Mount (1967) pointed out that numerous past studies on toxicological 

 and physiological effects of pesticides in fish have yielded few data that 

 can be used to correlate these effects and chemical-residue measurements 

 with significant damage to aquatic forms. Therefore, investigators must 

 keep in mind the potential interpretive value of anticipatory research on 

 pesticides. In-depth experiments should be designed so that they 

 demonstrate effects of pesticides on aquatic organisms, but they should 

 also include measurements of residues induced by test concentrations which 

 are commensurate with concentrations recommended for use of the pesticide. 

 Such data are essential to experimental designs for field evaluations of 

 pesticides and for interpreting significance of unintentional contamination 

 of aquatic ecosystems. 



The research framework discussed above, along with a more detailed 

 account of guidelines for conducting toxicological research with aquatic 

 organisms, was published by the National Academy of Sciences in 1973. 



REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS 



For the most part, pesticides must be registered in the United States 

 according to provisions of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenti- 

 cide Act (FIFRA). A number of provisions in this act were most recently 

 amended by the Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act of 1972. Re- 

 sponsibility for implementing FIFRA, as amended, is vested in the Office of 

 Pesticide Programs of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). In 

 general, properties of pesticides that must be researched in the registra- 



169 



