several different classes of toxic compounds (Table 1). In spite of the 

 fact that there are common features in the manifestation of pathology 

 (e.g., violent general locomotory activity, disturbance of equilibrium re- 

 flex on intoxication with phenol and polychlorpinene), characteristic 

 specific features are also revealed. Thus, under the influence of poly- 

 chlorpinene, in contrast to phenol, such specific symptoms as moving to 

 the surface and swallowing of the air are observed in fish during the 

 phase of the violent locomotory activity. 



On intoxication with chlorophos, a prolonged inhibition stage and 

 darkening of coloration due to the opening of chromatophores are charac- 

 teristic. An abundant excretion of mucilage is observed as a result of 

 exposure to detergents. 



A second example is to be found in the symptoms of intoxication in one 

 of the representatives of invertebrates, the medicine leech [HiAudo mzdi- 

 CAnaLU>: Annelida). Exposure of this organism to solutions of the toxic 

 substances noted above yields more specific reactions (Figure 2). 



Intoxication with polychloropinene is first noted when the organism 

 rolls the anterior body segments ventrally (Figure 2, 1-4). A few hours 

 later, convulsions develop followed by immobility and death. 



TABLE 1. SYMPTOMS OF INTOXICATION IN CARP EXPOSED TO THE SHORT-TERM 



ACTION OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES 



Toxicants Symptoms of Intoxication 



Phenol Violent locomotory activity (fish perform im- 



petuous rushes, frequently breaking their 

 snout against the walls of aquarium). Dis- 

 turbance of the equilibrium reflex (swimming 

 on the side); convulsions; immobilization; 

 death. 



Polychlorpinene Prolonged increase in general exitability to 



acoustic and tactile stimuli, violent swimming 

 activity. Fish swims to the surface and swal- 

 lows the air. Disturbance of equilibrium re- 

 flex; immobilization; fish floats up and dies. 



Chlorophos Increase in general exitability to acoustic 



and tactile stimuli. Sudden general inhibi- 

 tion (weak reactions to external stimuli, low 

 general activity); disturbance of coordina- 

 tion; tremor of body muscles; significant in- 

 tensification of coloration; sinking of the 

 fish to the bottom; immobilization; death. 



"Lotos-71" Abundant excretion of mucilage; immobiliza- 



tion; death. 



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