30 LOUIS PASTEUR. 



methods, and that Pasteur's last great work was as successful as 

 those of his earlier years. 



This work upon hydrophobia was the last piece of work which 

 we have directly from Pasteur's own personality. A Pasteur Insti- 

 tute was established, and from that Institute has couie, and is still 

 coming, a series of investigations along the lines that Pasteur 

 began, which are yearly adding, not only to our scientific know- 

 ledge, but to our practical method of dealing with disease. While 

 Pasteur's name is no longer attached to these individual researches, 

 the master's hand gave the inspiration for them all. For several 

 years the experiments have all been in the hands of his assistants. 

 While we have looked upon them as his assistants, we must recog- 

 nise them as independent and as having achieved their own 

 reputation ; but, nevertheless, we must feel that the work that has 

 come from Pasteur's Institute, and that will for a number of years 

 be given to the world from that source, must be directly or indi- 

 rectly attributed to the inspiration of the master for whom the 

 Institute was founded. 



The world's debt to Pasteur we never can estimate. His 

 financial gifts we can realise when we remember that he saved the 

 silkworm industry, that he taught the vintners how to make wine, 

 that he established the fermentative industry the world over, and 

 that he gave to the agriculturists a method of preventing anthrax ; 

 we can see that the financial value of his life to the world was far 

 beyond that of any other person that ever lived. The debt of 

 theoretical science to him is equally great, though not measurable 

 in any terms. He disclosed a new world ; he discovered a new 

 series of phenomena taking place below the realm of human vision, 

 and he opened to the world a new field of science. To medicine 

 again his gifts were beyond measure. To him more than to any other 

 is due the demonstration of the germ nature of disease, and to his 

 work we owe our hopes for medical science in the future. The 

 practice of medicine has been almost purely empirical. To-day 

 we are hoping that it is gradually becoming a matter of science. 

 As we know the causes so we can search for the remedies against 

 disease, and to Pasteur is due the first attempt to place medicine 

 upon a scientific basis. Surgery has already become a science, 

 and this too is indirectly attributable to him. While modern sur- 



