OX THE EXPRESSION OF THE 



EMOTIONS IX MAN AND ANIMALS. 



INTRODUCTION. 



Ma-ntt works have been written on Expression, but a 

 greater number on Physiognomy, — that is, on the recog- 

 nition of character through the study of the permanent 

 form of the features. With this latter subject I am not 

 here concerned. The older treatises, 1 which I have con- 

 sulted, have been of little or no service to me. The 

 famous ' Conferences ' 2 of the painter Le Brun, pub- 

 lished in 1667, is the best known ancient work, and con- 

 tains some good remarks. Another somewhat old essay, 

 namely, the ' Discours/ delivered 1774-1782, by the 

 well-known Dutch anatomist Camper, 3 can hardly be 

 considered as having made any marked advance in the 

 subject. The following works, on the contrary, deserve 

 the fullest consideration. 



Sir Charles Bell, so illustrious for his discoveries in 

 physiology, published in 1806 the first edition, and in 



1 J. Parsons, in his paper in the Appendix to the ' Philo- 

 sophical Transactions ' for 1746, p. 41, gives a list of forty- 

 one old authors who have written on Expression. 



2 ' Conferences sur l'expression des differents Carac- 

 teres des Passions.' Paris, 4to, 1667. I always quote 

 from the republication of the ' Conferences ' in the edition 

 of Lavater, by Moreau, which appeared in 1820, as given 

 in vol. ix. p. 257. 



3 ' Discours par Pierre Camper sur le moj-en de repre- 

 senter les diverses passions,' &c. 1792. 



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