16 INTRODUCTION. 



(6.) When in good spirits do the eyes sparkle, with the 

 skin a little wrinkled round and under them, and 

 with the mouth a little drawn back at the 

 corners ? 



(7.) When a man sneers or snarls at another, is the 

 corner of the upper lip over the canine or eye 

 tooth raised on the side facing the man whom he 

 addresses? 



(8.) Can a dogged or obstinate expression be recog- 

 nized, which is chiefly shown bj r the mouth being 

 firmly closed, a lowering brow and a slight 

 frown ? 



(9.) Is contempt expressed by a slight protrusion of 

 the lips and by turning up the nose, and with a 

 slight expiration? 



(10.) Is disgust shown by the lower lip being turned 

 down, the upper lip slightly raised, with a sud- 

 den expiration, something like incipient vomit- 

 ing, or like something spit out of the mouth? 



(11.) Is extreme fear expressed in the same general 

 manner as with Europeans? 



(12.) Is laughter ever carried to such an extreme as 

 to bring tears into the eyes? 



(13.) When a man wishes to show that he cannot pre- 

 vent something' being done, or cannot himself do 

 something - , does he shrug his shoulders, turn in- 

 wards his elbows, extend outwards his hands and 

 open the palms; with the eyebrows raised? 



(14.) Do the children when sulky, pout or greatly pro- 

 trude the lips? 



(15.) Can guilty, or sly, or jealous expressions be recog- 

 nized? though I know not how these can be de- 

 fined. 



(16.) Is the head nodded vertically in affirmation, and 

 shaken laterally in negation? 



Observations on natives who have had little communi- 

 cation with Europeans would be of course the most valu- 

 able, though those made on any natives would be of much 

 interest to me. General remarks on expression are of com- 

 paratively little value; and memory is so deceptive that 

 I earnestly beg it may not be trusted. A definite descrip- 

 tion of the countenance under any emotion or frame of 

 mind, with a statement of the circumstances under which 

 it occurred, would possess much value. 



To these queries I have received thirty-six answers 

 from different observers, several of them missionaries 

 or protectors of the aborigines, to all of whom I am 

 deeply indebted for the great trouble which they have 

 taken, and for the valuable aid thus received. I will 



