Chap. IV. IN ANIMALS. 113 



so that the drawing back of the ears by the moose ac- 

 cords with our rule. Several kinds of kangaroos, kept 

 in the Zoological Gardens, fight by scratching with their 

 fore-feet and by kicking with their hind-legs; but they 

 never bite each other, and the keepers have never seen 

 them draw back their ears when angered. Rabbits fight 

 chiefly by kicking and scratching, but they likewise bite 

 each other; and I have known one to bite off half the 

 tail of its antagonist. At the commencement of their 

 battles they lay back their ears, but afterwards, as they 

 bound over and kick each other, they keep their ears 

 erect, or move them much about. 



Mr. Bartlett watched a wild boar quarrelling rather 

 savagely with his sow; and both had their mouths open 

 and their ears drawn backwards. But this does not 

 appear to be a common action with domestic pigs when 

 quarrelling. Boars fight together by striking upwards 

 with their tusks; and Mr. Bartlett doubts whether they 

 then draw back their ears. Elephants, which in like 

 manner fight with their tusks, do not retract their ears, 

 but, on the contrary, erect them when rushing at each 

 other or at an enemy. 



The rhinoceroses in the Zoological Gardens fight with 

 their nasal horns, and have never been seen to attempt 

 biting each other except in play; and the keepers are 

 convinced that they do not draw back their ears, like 

 horses and dogs, when feeling savage. The following 

 statement, therefore, by Sir S. Baker 34 is inexplicable, 

 namely, that a rhinoceros, which he shot in Xorth Africa, 

 " had no ears; they had been bitten off close to the head 

 by another of the same species while fighting; and this 

 mutilation is bv no means uncommon." 



Lastly, with respect to monkeys. Some kinds, which 



34 ' The Nile Tributaries of Abyssinia,' 1867, p. 443. 



