230 SULKINESS. Chap. IX. 



the expression appeared to me true and extremely mo- 

 rose. 



A firmly closed mouth, in addition to a lowered and 

 frowning brow, gives determination to the expression, 

 or may make it obstinate and sullen. How it comes 

 that the firm closure of the mouth gives the appear- 

 ance of determination will presently be discussed. An 

 expression of sullen obstinacy has been clearly recog- 

 nized by my informants, in the natives of six different 

 regions of Australia. It is well marked, according to 

 Mr. Scott, with the Hindoos. It has been recognized 

 with the Malays, Chinese, Kafirs, Abyssinians, and in 

 a conspicuous degree, according to Dr. Eothrock, with 

 the wild Indians of North America, and according to 

 Mr. D. Forbes, with the Aymaras of Bolivia. I have 

 also observed it with the Araucanos of southern Chili. 

 Mr. Dyson Lacy remarks that the natives of Australia, 

 when in this frame of mind, sometimes fold their arms 

 across their breasts, an attitude which may be seen with 

 us. A firm determination, amounting to obstinacy, is, 

 also, sometimes expressed by both shoulders being kept 

 raised, the meaning of which gesture will be explained 

 in the following chapter. 



With young children sulkiness is shown by pouting, 

 or, as it is sometimes called, " making a snout." 10 When 

 the corners of the mouth are much depressed, the lower 

 lip is a little everted and protruded; and this is like- 

 wise called a pout. But the pouting here referred to, 

 consists of the protrusion of both lips into a tubular 

 form, sometimes to such an extent as to project as far 

 as the end of the nose, if this be short. Pouting is gen- 

 erally accompanied by frowning, and sometimes by the 



10 Hensleigh Wedgwood on ' The Origin of Language,' 

 1866, p. 78. 



