Chap. IX. StJLKINESS. 231 



utterance of a booing or whooing noise. This expression 

 is remarkable, as almost the sole one, as far as I know, 

 which is exhibited much more plainly during childhood, 

 at least with Europeans, than during maturity. There 

 is, however, some tendency to the protrusion of the lips 

 with the adults of all races under the influence of great 

 rage. Some children pout when they are shy, and they 

 can then hardly be called sulky. 



From inquiries which I have made in several large 

 families, pouting does not seem very common with Euro- 

 pean children; but it prevails throughout the world, and 

 must be both common and strongly marked with most 

 savage races, as it has caught the attention of many ob- 

 servers. It has been noticed in eight different districts 

 of Australia; and one of my informants remarks how 

 greatly the lips of the children are then protruded. Two 

 observers have seen pouting with the children of Hin- 

 doos; three, with those of the Kafirs and Fingoes of 

 South Africa, and with the Hottentots; and two, with 

 the children of the wild Indians of North America. 

 Pouting has also been observed with the Chinese, Abys- 

 sinians, Malays of Malacca, Dyaks of Borneo, and often 

 with the Xew Zealanders. Mr. Mansel YVeale informs 

 me that he has seen the lips much protruded, not only 

 with the children of the Kafirs, but with the adults of 

 both sexes when sulky; and Mr. Stack has sometimes 

 observed the same thing with the men, and very fre- 

 quently with the women of New Zealand. A trace of the 

 same expression may occasionally be detected even with 

 adult Europeans. 



We thus see that the protrusion of the lips, espe- 

 cially with young children, is characteristic of sulkiness 

 throughout the greater part of the world. This move- 

 ment apparently results from the retention, chiefly dur- 

 ing youth, of a primordial habit, or from an occasional 



