238 ANGER. Chap. X. 



nature of the actions which have been habitually per- 

 formed under this particular state of the mind. A man, 

 for instance, may know that his life is in the extremest 

 peril, and may strongly desire to save it; yet, as Louis 

 XVI. said, when surrounded by a fierce mob, " Am I 

 afraid? feel my pulse." So a man may intensely hate 

 another, but until his bodilv frame is affected, he can- 

 not be said to be enraged. 



Rage. — I have already had occasion to treat of this 

 emotion in the third chapter, when discussing the direct 

 influence of the excited sensorium on the bodv, in com- 

 bination with the effects of habitually associated actions. 

 Rage exhibits itself in the most diversified manner. The 

 heart and circulation are always affected; the face red- 

 dens or becomes purple, with the veins on the forehead 

 and neck distended. The reddening of the skin has been 

 observed with the copper-coloured Indians of South 

 America, 2 and even, as it is said, on the white cicatrices 

 left by old wounds on negroes. 3 Monkeys also redden 

 from passion. With one of my own infants, under four 

 months old, I repeatedly observed that the first symp- 

 tom of an approaching passion was the rushing of the 

 blood into his bare scalp. On the other hand, the action 

 of the heart is sometimes so much impeded by great rage, 

 that the countenance becomes pallid or livid, 4 and not 

 a few men with heart-disease have dropped down dead 

 under this powerful emotion. 



2 Rengger, Naturgesch. der Sangethiere von Paraguay, 

 1830, s. 3. 



3 Sir C. Bell, ' Anatomy of Expression,' p. 96. On the 

 other hand, Dr. Burgess (' Physiology of Blushing,' 1839, 

 p. 31) speaks of the reddening of a cicatrix in a negress 

 as of the nature of a blush. 



4 Moreau and Gratiolet have discussed the colour of the 

 face under the influence of intense passion: see the edit, 

 of 1820 of Lavater, vol. iv. pp. 282 and 300; and Gratiolet, 

 ' De la Physionomie,' p. 345. 



