Chap. X. ANGER. 241 



Then imitate the action of the tiger: 

 Stiffen the sinews, summon up the blood, 

 Then lend the eye a terrible aspect; 

 Now set the teeth, and stretch the nostril wide, 

 Hold hard the breath, and bend up every spirit 

 To his full height! On, on, you noblest English." 



Henry V., act iii. sc. 1. 



The lips are sometimes protruded during rage in a 

 manner, the meaning of which I do not understand, 

 unless it depends on our descent from some ape-like 

 animal. Instances have been observed, not only with 

 Europeans, but with the Australians and Hindoos. The 

 lips, however, are much more commonly retracted, the 

 grinning or clenched teeth being thus exposed. This 

 has been noticed by almost every one who has written 

 on expression. 9 The appearance is as if the teeth were 

 uncovered, ready for seizing or tearing an enemy, though 

 there may be no intention of acting in this manner. Mr. 

 Dyson Lacy has seen this grinning expression with the 

 Australians, when quarrelling, and so has Gaika with 

 the Kafirs of South America. Dickens, 10 in speaking 

 of an atrocious murderer who had just been caught, and 

 was surrounded by a furious mob, describes " the people 

 as jumping up one behind another, snarling with their 

 teeth, and making at him like wild beasts." Every one 

 who has had much to do with vounGj children must have 



• Sir C. Bell, ' Anatomy of Expression,' p. 177. Gratiolet 

 (De la Phys. p. 369) says, " les dents se decouvrent, et 

 imitent symboliquement Taction de dechirer et de mordre." 

 If, instead of using the vague term symboliquement, Gratio- 

 let had said that the action was a remnant of a habit ac- 

 quired during primeval times when our semi-human pro- 

 genitors fought together with their teeth, like gorillas and 

 orangs at the present day, he would have been more intel- 

 ligible. Dr. Piderit (' Mimik,' &c, s. 82) also speaks of 

 the retraction of the upper lip during rage. In an engrav- 

 ing of one of Hogarth's wonderful pictures, passion is rep- 

 resented in the plainest manner by the open glaring eyes, 

 frowning forehead, and exposed grinning teeth-. 



10 ' Oliver Twist,' vol. iii. p. 245. 



