Chap. XI. PRIDE. 261 



the child felt real disgust — the eyes and forehead express- 

 ing much surprise and consideration. The protrusion 

 of the tongue in letting a nasty object fall out of the 

 mouth, may explain how it is that lolling out the tongue 

 universally serves as a sign of contempt and hatred. 11 



We have now seen that scorn, disdain, contempt, and 

 disgust are expressed in many different ways, by move- 

 ments of the features, and by various gestures; and that 

 these are the same throughout the world. They all con- 

 sist of actions representing the rejection or exclusion of 

 some real object which Ave dislike or abhor, but which 

 does not excite in us certain other strong emotions, such 

 as rage or terror; and through the force of habit and as- 

 sociation similar actions are performed, whenever any 

 analogous sensation arises in our minds. 



Jealousy, Envy, Avarice, Revenge, Suspicion, Deceit, 

 Slyness, Guilt. Vanity, Conceit, Ambition, Pride, Hu- 

 mility, &c. — It is doubtful whether the greater number 

 of the above complex states of mind are revealed by any 

 fixed expression, sufficiently distinct to be described or 

 delineated. AVhen Shakspeare speaks of Envy as lean- 

 faced, or black, or pale, and Jealousy as " the green-eyed 

 monster;" and when Spenser describes Suspicion as 

 "foul, ill-favoured, and grim" they must have felt this 

 difficulty. Xevertheless, the above feelings — at least 

 many of them — can be detected by the eye; for instance, 

 conceit; but we are often guided in a much greater de- 

 gree than we suppose by our previous knowledge of the 

 persons or circumstances. 



My correspondents almost unanimously answer in 

 the affirmative to my query, whether the expression of 



11 This is stated to be the case by Mr. Tylor (Early Hist, 

 of Mankind, 2nd edit. 1870, p. 52) ; and he adds, " it is not 

 clear why this should be so." 



