262 PRIDE. Chap. XI. 



guilt and deceit can be recognized amongst the various 

 races of man; and I have confidence in their answers, as 

 they generally deny that jealousy can thus be recognized. 

 In the cases in which details are given, the eyes are 

 almost always referred to. The guilty man is said to 

 avoid looking at his accuser, or to give him stolen looks. 

 The eves are said " to be turned askant," or " to waver 

 from side to side," or " the eyelids to be lowered and 

 partly closed." This latter remark is made by Mr. 

 Hagenauer with respect to the Australians, and by Gaika 

 with respect to the Kafirs. The restless movements of 

 the eyes apparently follow, as will be explained when 

 we treat of blushing, from the guilty man not enduring 

 to meet the gaze of his accuser. I may add, that I have 

 observed a guilty expression, without a shade of fear, in 

 some of my own children at a very early age. In one in- 

 stance the expression was unmistakably clear in a child 

 two years and seven months old, and led to the detec- 

 tion of his little crime. It was shown, as I record in mv 

 notes made at the time, by an unnatural brightness in 

 the eyes, and by an odd, affected manner, impossible to 

 describe. 



Slyness is also, I believe, exhibited chiefly by move- 

 ments about the eyes; for these are less under the con- 

 trol of the will, owing to the force of long-continued 

 habit, than are the movements of the body. Mr. Her- 

 bert Spencer remarks, 12 " When there is a desire to see 

 something on one side of the visual field without being 

 supposed to see it, the tendency is to check the con- 

 spicuous movement of the head, and to make the re- 

 quired adjustment entirely with the eyes; which are, 

 therefore, drawn very much to one side. Hence, when 

 the eyes are turned to one side, while the face is not 



12 ' Principles of rsychologT,' 2nd edit. 1872, p. 552. 



