Sand seatrout, continued 



fishes. 



Factors Influencing Populations : "Ecological separa- 

 tion" among life stages has been suggested by Springer 

 and Woodburn (1960), with juveniles occurring in the 

 bays and adults staying primarily offshore. The sand 

 seatrout forms a major segment of the finfish bycatch 

 discarded by the U.S. shrimp fleet (Ditty et al. 1991). 

 Fishery pressure will also continue to increase as a 

 result of management of the more popular and ex- 

 ploited species (Cowan et al. 1989, Ditty et al. 1991). 

 The comparison of length-weight relationships sug- 

 gests that distinct populations off Texas and the Loui- 

 siana-Mississippi coasts might exist. 



Ditty, J. G. 1986. Ichthyoplankton in neritic waters of 

 the northern Gulf of Mexico off Louisiana: Composi- 

 tion, relative abundance, and seasonality. Fish. Bull., 

 U.S. 84(4):935-946. 



Ditty, J.G., M. Bourgeois, R. Kasprzak, and M. Konikoff . 

 1991. Life history and ecology of sand seatrout 

 Cynoscion arenarius Ginsburg, in the northern Gulf of 

 Mexico: a review. Northeast Gulf Sci. 12:35-47. 



Ditty, J. G., and R.F.Shaw. 1994. Preliminary guide to 

 the identification of the early life history stages of 

 sciaenid fishes from the western central Atlantic. NOAA 

 Tech. Memo. NMFS-SEFSC-349. 



References 



Benson, N.G., editor. 1982. Life history requirements 

 of selected finfish and shellfish in the Mississippi Sound 

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Christmas, J.Y., and R.S. Waller. 1973. Estuarine 

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Conner, J. C, and F.M. Truesdale. 1972. Ecological 

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Cowan, J. H. 1985. The distribution, transport, and age 

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Cowan, J.H., Jr., R.F. Shaw, and J.G. Ditty. 1989. 

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 types of sand seatrout (Cynoscion arenarius) larvae in 

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Cowan, J.H., and R.F. Shaw. 1988. The distribution, 

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Ditty, J.G. , G.G. Zieske, and R.F. Shaw. 1988. Sea- 

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Gunter, G. 1938. Notes on invasion of fresh water by 

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Gunter, G. 1945. Studies on marine fishes of Texas. 

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Hoese.H.D., and R.D.Moore. 1977. Fishes of the Gulf 

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Johnson, G.D. 1978. Development of Fishes of the 

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