Concluding Comments 



Literature Cited 



As it becomes apparent that the cumulative effects of 

 small alterations in many estuaries have a total sys- 

 temic impact on coastal ocean resources, it is more 

 important than ever to compile consistent information 

 on the Nation's estuarine fishes and invertebrates. 

 Although the knowledge available to effectively pre- 

 serve and manage estuarine resources is limited, the 

 ELMR data base provides an important tool for assess- 

 ing the status of estuarine fauna and examining their 

 relationships with other species and their environment. 

 These life history summaries and life history tables 

 highlight many of the biological and environmental 

 factors that play a role in determining each species' 

 distribution and abundance. Together, the ELMR data 

 base and life history information will provide valuable 

 baseline information on the biogeography and ecology 

 of estuarine fishes and invertebrates, and identify gaps 

 in our knowledge of these valuable natural resources. 



Acknowledgments 



The authors thank the many individuals who provided 

 information for this report, and the many other scien- 

 tists and managers who provided contacts and refer- 

 ences. We thank the following individuals for their 

 review of this document and their comments: Dean 

 Ahrenholz, Bill Arnold, Theresa Bert, Mark Butler, 

 David Camp, Marie Castiglione, Alan Collins, Bruce 

 Comyns, Roy Crabtree, Ned Cyr, Doug DeVries, Rob 

 Dillon, Jim Ditty, Gary Fitzhugh, Chris Friel, Churchill 

 Grimes, Richard Harrel, Peter Hood, John Hunt, Terry 

 Jordan, Steve Jury, Stu Kennedy, Tony Lowery, Bill 

 Lyons, Dan Marelli, Tom Matthews, Rich McBride, 

 Scott Mettee, Harriet Perry, Mark Peterson, Duane 

 Phillips, Allyn Powell, Steve Ross, Peter Rubec, Pam 

 Rubin, Tom Schmidt, Rosalie Shaffer, Pete Sheridan, 

 Joe Smith, Phil Steele, Ken Stuck, Ron Taylor, Mark 

 VanHoose, Mike Vecchione, Mary Ellen Vega, Robert 

 Vega, Jean Williams, and Brent Winner. We also thank 

 the authors and publishers that granted permission to 

 use the species illustrations included with each sum- 

 mary. The illustrations of black drum on the front cover 

 are from Goode (1884) and Johnson (1978). 



Bulger, A.J., B.P. Hayden, M.E. Monaco, D.M. Nelson, 

 and M.G. McCormick-Ray. 1993. Biologically-based 

 salinity zones derived from a multivariate analysis. 

 Estuaries 16(2):31 1-322. 



Christensen, J.D., M.E. Monaco, and T.A. Lowery. 

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 Mexico species to changes in estuarine salinity re- 

 gimes. Gulf Res. Rep. 9(4):21 9-229. 



Darnell, R.M., R.E. Defenbaugh, and D. Moore. 1983. 

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Goode, G.B. 1884. The fisheries and fishing industry 

 of the United States. Sec. I, Natural history of useful 

 aquatic animals. U.S. Comm. Fish, Washington, DC, 

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Gunter, G. 1967. Some relationships of estuaries to 

 the fisheries of the Gulf of Mexico. In Lauff, G.H. (ed.), 

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Hammerschmidt, P.C., and L.W. McEachron. 1986. 

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 along the Texas coast: January 1977 - March 1986. 

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Johnson, G.D. 1978. Development of Fishes of the 

 Mid-Atlantic Bight; An Atlas of Egg, Larval and Juvenile 

 Stages, Volume IV, Carangidae through Ephippidae. 

 U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Biol. Rep. FWS/OBS-78/12, 314 

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Joseph, E.B. 1973. Analysis of a nursery ground. In 

 Pacheco, A.L. (ed.), Proceedings of a workshop on 

 egg, larval, and juvenile stages of fish in Atlantic Coast 

 estuaries, p. 1 1 8-1 21 . Tech. Pub. No. 1 , NOAA NMFS 

 Mid. Atlantic Coast. Fish. Cent., Highlands, NJ, 338 p. 



Mann, K.H. 1982. Ecology of coastal waters. 

 Calif. Press, Los Angeles, CA, 322 p. 



Univ. 



National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 

 (NOAA). 1985a. Gulf of Mexico Coastal and Ocean 

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