Glossary, continued. 



BRYOZOA — Small moss-like colonial animals of the 

 phylum Bryozoa. 



BUOYANT — Able to remain afloat in a liquid, or rise in 

 air or gas. 



BYCATCH— See INCIDENTAL CATCH. 



BYSSAL THREAD— A tuft of filament, chemically simi- 

 lar to silk, that attaches certain molluscs to substrates. 



CALANOIDA — An order of free-living, largely plank- 

 tonic copepods with very long first antennae. 



CALCAREOUS — Composed of calcium or calcium 

 carbonate. 



CARAPACE — The hard exoskeletal covering of the 

 dorsal part of a crustacean. 



CAR APACE Wl DTH— The total width of a crustacean's 

 carapace, often used as a standardized measurement 

 for crabs. 



CARIBBEAN PROVINCE— A tropical marine zoogeo- 

 graphic province of the Atlantic continental shelf that 

 includes southern Floridaf rom Cape Canaveral around 

 to the Tampa Bay region, and the Central and South 

 American coast from near Tampico, Mexico to Ven- 

 ezuela. 



CARNIVORE— An animal that feeds on the flesh of 

 other animals. See PARASITISM and PREDATION. 



CAROLINIAN PROVINCE— A warm-temperate ma- 

 rine zoogeographic province of the Atlantic continental 

 shelf extending approximately from Cape Hatteras, 

 North Carolina southward to Cape Canaveral, Florida 

 on the U.S. east coast, and from Florida's Tampa Bay 

 region westward to Cape Rojo near Tampico, Mexico 

 on the Gulf coast. 



CATADROMOUS — A life cycle in which an organism 

 lives most of its life in fresh water, but migrates to 

 saltwater to spawn. Compare to ANADROMOUS. 



CERCARIA— A heart-shaped, tailed, larval stage of a 

 trematode (fluke) produced in a mollusc host, which is 

 released from the mollusc, sometimes then encysting, 

 and subsequently infecting a vertebrate host. 



CESTODE — A parasitic, ribbon-like worm having no 

 intestinal canal; class Cestoda (e.g., tapeworms). 



CHELAE — The forceps-like pincers in crustaceans. 



CHELIPED — The large grasping claw of many crusta- 

 ceans. 



CHEMOTAXIS — A response movement by an animal 

 either toward or away from a specific chemical stimu- 

 lus. 



CHORDATA— A phylum of animals which includes the 

 subphyla Vertebrata, Cephalochordata, and 

 Urochordata. At some stage of their life cycles, these 

 organisms have pharyngeal gill slits, a notochord, and 

 a dorsal hollow nerve cord. 



CHROMATOPHORE— A pigment cell or group of cells 

 which under the control of the nervous system can be 

 altered in shape or color. 



CILIA — Hair-like processes of certain cells, often ca- 

 pable of rhythmic beating that can produce locomotion 

 or facilitate the movement of fluids. 



CIRCULUS — A ringlike arrangement. 



CIRRI — Flexible, thread-like tentacles or appendages 

 of certain organisms. 



CLEITHRUM — clavicular elements of some fishes. 



CLINE — A series of differing physical characteristics 

 within a species or population, reflecting gradients or 

 changes in the environment (e.g., body size or color). 



COLONY — A group of organisms living in close prox- 

 imity. An invertebrate colony is a close association of 

 individuals of a species which are often mutually de- 

 pendent and in physical contact with each other. A 

 vertebrate colony is usually a group of individuals 

 brought together for breeding and rearing young. 



COMMENSALISM — A relationship between two spe- 

 cies, where one species benefits without adversely 

 affecting the other. 



COMMERCIAL VALUE— Economic attribute of mar- 

 ketablefishes, invertebrates, orothermarine resources, 

 the harvest, culture, processing, ordistribution of which 

 occur with sufficient financial return to support a spe- 

 cialized, expert and usually regulated trade. 



COMMUNITY — A group of plants and animals living in 

 a specific region under relatively similar conditions. 

 Further definitions are often applied, such as the algal 

 community, the invertebrate community, the benthic 

 gastropod community, etc. 



342 



