Table 8. Reproduction 



Terms used in Table 8. Reproduction: 



Fertilization/development - Method of egg fertilization and development. 



• External - Egg fertilization occurs after eggs and sperm are shed into the water. 



• Internal - Egg fertilization occurs when a male inseminates an egg within a female. 



• Oviparous - Eggs are laid and fertilized externally. 



• Ovoviviparous - Eggs are fertilized and incubated internally, and usually released as larvae. Little or no maternal 

 nourishment is provided. 



• Viviparous- Eggs are fertilized, incubated, and develop internally until birth. Maternal nourishment is provided. 



Mating Type - Mate selection strategy. 



• Monogamous - A single male and a single female pair for a prolonged and exclusive relationship. 



• Polygamous - A male mates with numerous females or vice-versa. 



• Broadcast spawner - Numerous males and females release gametes during mass spawning. 



Spawning strategy - Spawning mode. 



• Anadromous - Species spends most of its life at sea but migrates to fresh water to spawn. 



• Catadromous - Species spends most of its life in fresh water but migrates to salt water to spawn. 



• Iteroparous - Species reproduces repeatedly during a lifetime. 



• Semelparous - Species reproduces only once during a lifetime. 



• Batch - Species spawns (releases gametes) several times during a reproductive period. 



Parental Care - Type of egg protection. 



• Protected - Eggs are protected by parent(s); eggs are buoyant or attached to substrates, or eggs develop in the 

 shelter of a nest. 



• Non-protected - Eggs are not protected by parent(s). 



Domain - Location of spawning. 



• Riverine - Spawning occurs primarily in fresh water, above head of tide. 



• Estuarine - Spawning occurs primarily in estuarine waters (to head of tide). 



• Marine - Spawning occurs primarily in open marine waters. 



Temporal Schedule - Months when spawning typically occurs. 



Periodicity - Frequency of spawning events. 



'Annual spawning - Spawning once each year, usually during a restricted season. 



*2 or more per year - Spawning more than once each year (more than one spawning season). 



•2 or more years - Spawning events separated by at least two years. 



'Undescribed - Spawning frequency not documented. 



Fecundity - Number of eggs typically produced by a mature female, from <100 to >10 million. 



Maturation age - The typical length of time for an individual to reach sexual maturity, from < 6 months to > 5 years. 



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