46 Dr. A. S. Packard, Jr's Revision of the 



tween Crabro and Cerceris. Afterwards in 1825 * he makes his 

 Nyssonii equivalent to the Crabronites. 



Shuckard in 1837, in his " Essay on Indigenous Fossorial Hymen- 

 optera" has given us the best studied work on these groups. His 

 arrangement is free from many of those defects that marked the less 

 conservative views of St. Fargeau and Dahlborn. He presents us the 

 Crabronidse as a whole, not separating minor groups of genera under 

 distinct names. Philanthus heads the family; nest follows Cerceris, 

 Mimesa and Psen, then Arpactus, Gorytes, All/son, MeUinus, and then 

 the genera composing Dahlbom's Peuiphredonidas, which are fol- 

 lowed by Crabro, which is not subdivided, and Trypoxylon ends the 

 family. 



The Nyssonidse begin with Oxybelus, followed by JY/ysson, and the 

 third and last genus Astata. Thus long before the Family Peni- 

 phredonidae was proposed by Dahlbom, the genera comprising it were 

 placed together, though no separate divisions were made for them, and 

 subordinated to the Philanthidae. 



St. Fargeau in the Histoire Naturelle des Insects, 1845, distributed 

 the genera of his Crabronides into four tribes. The Cercerites heads 

 the family, and besides the genera Cerceris and Philanthus, includes 

 Psen and JYysson. The second tribe, Gorytites, includes Gorytes and 

 Harjmctus. Next, the Mellinites include Alyson, MeUinus, Cemouit* 

 and Pemphredon. The fourth tribe, Crabronites, includes Stigmus, 

 Crabro and the numerous genera established by himself and Brulle, 

 in 1831, in the Annales de Soc. Ent. France, iii, closing with JSfitela 

 and Oxybelus. His fifth tribe, Trypoxylites, is composed of Try- 

 poxylon and Psen. His sixth tribe, Astatites, corresponds to the 

 Larridae of Leach; while the Nyssonidse are not recognized at all, 

 Stizus being assembled with Bembex and Honedula in his thirteenth 

 family Bembecides. 



Dahlbom's arrangement, published in the same year, is less clear and 

 natural than that of St. Fargeau. He divides his family Crabronida? into 

 four groups, of which the Crabronidse proprise consist of Crabro as 

 dismembered by St. Fargeau and Brulle, with the addition of Ectem- 

 nius Dahlb., which is not represented so far as we are aware in North 

 America. Led by Lindenius, his second group Nyssoniformes by Ento- 

 mognathus, equally unfortunate with Ectcmnius in not being recog- 

 nized, except in synouymical lists, by later observers, passos by AV 

 toglossa to Oxybelus. For the reception of Xitela, strangely separated 



* Families naturelles du Regne animal, 1825. 



