of certain species of Willow. — Part 2nd. 288 



sively on the Shell-bark (C. alba) in June ; besides an undescribed 

 gall (Caryte pilula Walsh MS.), which I found, after the insects had 

 deserted it, very abundant but local on the leaflets of the Pignut Hicko- 

 ry (C. glabra) in July, and which is thought by Osten Sacken, to 

 whom I communicated specimens, to be manifestly Aphidian; in all 

 four galls. But besides the above four Aphidian galls, Carya possess- 

 es at least two Coccidous galls, namely, carysevense Fitch, which I find 

 exclusively on the Shell-bark Hickory in August, and which is de- 

 scribed by Fitch as Aphidian, and doubtingly referred to the genus 

 Pemphigus, and Curyse semen Walsh MS., a gall of the size and shape 

 of a cabbage-seed, which I find in prodigious numbers on the leaflets 

 of the Pignut Hickory in July.* Vitis (Grape) also bears at least one 

 gall produced by Coccidse, namely, vitifoliee Fitch, which I find very 

 abundantly in July, August and September, on a species of wild grape, 

 V. cordifolia, and also on the cultivated variety of that species known 

 as the Clinton grape, and in much smaller numbers on the cultivated 

 Delaware grape, but not on any cultivated varieties of other species of 

 wild grape, even when they grow promiscuously intertwined with Clin- 



in the two discoidal veins of the front wing uniting in a fork, instead of being 

 perfectly separated. I propose for it the name of Xerophylla, which is composed 

 of the same Greek elements as Phylloxera, but is rather better Greek. Accord- 

 ing to Amyot as quoted by Fitch, {If. Y. Rep. II, $ 166), the European Phyllox- 

 era differs also very remarkably from our Xerophylla, and from all other known 

 Aphidians, by having no subcostal vein at all; but this, as Fitch suggests, is 

 probably an error. Respecting our generic form Osten Sacken has remarked 

 as follows: — -"It does not answer to the characters of any of the genera men- 

 tioned in Ratzeburg or Kaltenbach ; (Koch I do not possess.) The antenna? are 

 apparently 4-jointed : the 3rd joint occupies the greater part of the antenna; 

 the last joint is very short and ends in two small bristles as in Psylla. Wings 

 almost like those of Phylloxera, but the two first oblique veins unite in a distinct 

 fork." (Stettin Entom. Zeitung, 1801. p. 421.) Fitch, by the way, observes, in 

 the passage referred to above, that ■•none of the figures in Koch's works corres- 

 pond with these insects, and the genus to which they pertain is evidently un- 

 known to him." But in Koch's book, as Baron Osten Sacken informs me, the 

 genus Phylloxera occurs in the list of genera at the beginning, though it is neither 

 described nor figured, in consequence of the work having been published from 

 the author's unfinished papers. 



*That these two galls are Coccidous, not Aphidian, may be inferred from the 

 fact, that the tarsi of the mother-lice are 1-jointed, not 2-jointed. And be- 

 sides, Dr. Fitch himself describes the mother-lice of caryozvenoz as laying eggs, 

 and the same remark applies to those of Carya semen; whereas all true gall- 

 making Aphidians that are known to me are viviparous so long as they live 

 in the gall. Moreover, all gall-making Aphidians that are known to me remain 

 in the gall, till they have reached maturity and most of them acquired wings; 

 whereas in these two galls the young larvae, almost as soon as they have hatch- 



