284 Benj. D. Walsh on the Insects inhabiting the Galls 



ton vines swarming with these galls.* Amorpha (False indigo) has 

 one gall, produced by a small moth (Lepidoptera) belonging to a new' 

 genus which bears my unworthy name — Walshia amorphella Clemens. "j* 

 Salix (Willow) has seven galls produced by Sawflies (Hymenoptera), 

 namely, one bud-gall and three twig-galls produced by Euura, and 

 three leaf-galls produced by Nematus, all described for the first time in 

 this Paper. Rosa (Rose) has six, produced by the Hymenopterous 

 genus Rhodites (Cynipidsep Rubus (Bramble) has two, produced by 

 Diastrophus (Cynipidx). And finally Quercus (Oak) has no less 

 than fifty-eight galls, according to Osten Sacken's latest revision, pro- 

 duced by Cynips and its subgenera; and I am myself acquainted with 

 numerous others, which are at present undescribed. The sum total of 

 all these galls, found on fourteen different genera of N. A. trees and 

 shrubs, is 96. 



On the other hand — always excepting, as before, galls made by those 



ed out, stray away to found new galls, leaving the mother-lice behind them to 

 lay from time to time fresh eggs. Again, all gall-making Aphidians that are 

 known to me secrete a sugary dust or liocculent matter while in the gall , while 

 these gall-making Coccidce do no such thing. It is further remarkable that in a 

 single caryozvenoz gall, two, three or even four mother-lice are often found, in 

 company with numerous eggs, or freshly hatched larvse, or some eggs and some 

 larvae; whereas I do not remember ever to have found more than a single mo- 

 ther-louse in any single gall known to be produced by a Plant-louse. 



*Dr. Fitch supposed his vitifolioz gall to be Aphidian, and referred the wingless 

 female which he met with inside it in June to the genus Pemphigus ; but it ap- 

 pears to be in reality Coccidous, for precisely the same reasons as in the case of 

 the Coccidous gall caryozvenoz found on Carya. What is very remarkable, the two 

 or three winged males, obtained by Dr. Shimer of Illinois by opening many 

 thousands of these galls, though they are described by him as having one-joint- 

 ed tarsi, have four wings, (instead of the pair of wings and the pair of balancers, 

 which are found in all described Coccidous genera,) the front wing, as I am in- 

 formed by Mr. Cresson, with a subcostal and a basal discoidal vein almost pre- 

 cisely as in Coccus, but no other distinct veins, the hind wing with an obscurelv 

 denned subcostal only. Hence it becomes evident, that this insect cannot be re- 

 ferred to any genus of Coccidce named and described by authors, and must be- 

 come the type of a new and very aberrant genus. Although gall-making Coc- 

 cidce are unknown in Europe and hitherto in America, yet Baron Osten Saeken 

 has kindly informed me, that in the Transactions of the Vienna Zoological and 

 Botanical Society there is an account of various galls produced by true Coccidce 

 in Australia, '-some of which Coccidce are an inch long, the males producing galls 

 of different shape from those of the females." 



f I am quite sure that this gall is really produced by the moth, of which I have 

 bred scores of specimens and am well acquainted with the larva. Stain ton 

 mentions the discovery by Grabow of a gall-producing Lepidopterous larva in 

 Europe as of "extreme interest." {Entom. Ann.. 1856, p. 57.) And Osten Saeken 

 has referred to another such case in Europe. (Proc. etc. I, p. 369.) 



