W. II. Edwards on certain X. A. species of Sati/rus. 197 



low those mountains. Alope is common and Nephele not seen. Mr. 

 Liutuer mentions Alope as the species found in Schoharie, in the val- 

 leys next west of the Catskills, but says nothing of Nepliele. Mr. 

 Saunders writing from London, C. TV. says "Alope does not occur in 

 this neighborhood. Nephele does rarely." Mr. Beadle, of St. Catha- 

 rine, C. TV. ''finds Nephele common, A/ope only occasionally." 



Alope then is a Southern species just as Argynnis Ci/bele is South- 

 ern and Nephele a Northern species as A. Aphrodite is Northern, but 

 both meet, as do those, on common ground in the upper Middle States, 

 though there Nephele occupies the highlands and Alope the valleys. 

 The western limit of Alope we do. not know, but of the two, Nephele 

 alone has found its way to the mountains of California and to the Pa- 

 cific coast. 



The most evident difference between these two species are as 

 follows : — 



1st. Alope % is of larger size than Nephele % , the form measure- 



ing 2 to 2, 2 inches in expanse of wing, the latter 1 , 8 to 2 inches. 



Alope 9 differs less in size, but is the larger, being 2, 3 to 2j 5 while 



Nephele 9 is 2,' to 2^. (These measurements are based upon 12 



£ , 12 9 Alope, 42 % , 42 9 Nephele. .) 



2nd. Nephele is usually darker colored than Alope, the males es- 

 pecially being darker by several shades, in fact being almost black. 



3rd. Alope % has a yellow band on the fore wings, above and be- 

 low, enclosing two black ocelli with small bluish-white pupils. Nephele 

 % has no such band, but the whole wing is usually dark, and there are two 

 ocelli of much larger size below than above, with similar pupils to those 

 of Alope % , each of which ocelli is surrounded below by a pale yellow- 

 ish narrow ring, but not above, though sometimes there is a faint tin«j;e 

 about the ocellus above as if the ring was seen through the wing. 



But occasionally, in Eastern specimens, each of the ocelli is sur- 

 rounded by a pale nimbus that fades insensibly into the ground color. 

 This nimbus is sometimes yellowish, and extends so as to unite the 

 ocelli, both above and below, in a space shaped like a figure 8. I have 

 not noticed this peculiarity in any Western specimens, which are 

 wholly dark. 



4th. Alope 9 has a broader band on primaries, above and below, 

 and of paler color, than the band of the male. The ocelli also are larger. 

 Nephele 9 has no such band. Sometimes the whole wing is dark as 

 in the male, but, more often, there is a slightly paler shade than the 

 ground color on the space that would be occupied by a band. The 



