CONTENTS 



Page 



PREFACE m 



CONVERSION FACTORS iv 



FIGURES vi 



TABLES viii 



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix 



CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1 



1.1 Definition of Rubble Structures 1 



1.2 Rubble Structures of the South Atlantic Bight 2 



CHAPTER 2. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 5 



2.1 Temperature and Salinity 5 



2.2 Light and Turbidity 5 



2.3 Nutrients 5 



2.4 Currents 6 



2.5 Tides and Waves 7 



2.6 Sediments 7 



CHAPTER 3. COMMUNITY DESCRIPTION 8 



3.1 Plankton 8 



3.2 Seaweeds 8 



3.3 Invertebrates 15 



3.4 Fishes 21 



3.5 Birds 32 



CHAPTER 4. ECOLOGICAL PATTERNS AND PROCESSES 36 



4.1 Conceptual Framework 36 



4.2 Organization of Intertidal Communities 36 



4.3 Organization of Sunlit, Subtidal Communities 38 



4.4 Organization of Shaded, Subtidal Communities 44 



4.5 Complex Interactions 45 



CHAPTER 5. MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS 47 



5.1 Shoreline Evolution 47 



5.2 Shoreline Engineering 49 



5.3 Effects of Jetties on Nearby Benthic Communities 51 



5.4 Jetties as Fishing Sites 51 



5.5 Jetties as Diving Sites 52 



REFERENCES 53 



