84 AXNTJAL OF SCIENTIFIC DISCOVEKY. 



the strata may be ascertained by measuring the inclination of the 

 planes of bedding with the axis of the cylinder. 



Novelties in Textile Fabrics. In the French department were 

 shown the results of some attempts to apply photography in the pro- 

 duction of an imitation of lace on silk, and especially on ribbons. 

 This is effected by means of zinc plates on which the figure of lace has 

 been printed by photography and afterwards etched. The process 

 has been named " autophotes," and is probably not unlike photozinc- 

 ography. The effect of the printing is very good as seen at a dis- 

 tance, and also when applied to millinery purposes, that is, made up ; 

 but on close examination looks coarse, and seems uneven in the inten- 

 sity of the lines and figures. 



The wonderful advance recently made in " pigment " printing on 

 textile fabrics (called also steam-printing) was especially noticeable in 

 a display of printed muslins, in which art seems carried to its utmost 

 limits on such materials. The style has received from the French the 

 name of "haute nouveaute" "In these printed muslins," says a 

 recent art critic, " we have elaborate designs, chiefly floral, carried 

 out with a breadth of ' handling ' and delicacy of ' pencilling,' so to 

 speak, that nothing except the most masterly treatment with indian- 

 ink washes and the sparing but judicious introduction of color can 

 achieve, even on paper. The use of aniline tints gives great 

 brilliancy to some of these touches of color ; and the drawing of the 

 flowers, ferns, etc., is exquisite, in fact as perfect as French art can 

 make it." 



In the Russian department a curious exhibit was made of calicoes 

 designed especially to meet the tastes and requirements of the rude 

 people of eastern and central Asia. 



As an illustration of the great and increasing demand made by the 

 world for certain descriptions of cotton goods, attention may be 

 here called to the fact that, notwithstanding a great development of 

 the business of c ah* co-printing within the last ten years in the United 

 States and upon the continent of Europe, yet Great Britain, which in 

 1851 exported six and a half millions of pieces, increased her export 

 in 1858 to upwards of thirty millions. 



The extraordinary development of the manufacture of jute in 

 Great Britain within the last few years was illustrated by a great 

 variety of specimens, as, for example, twilled stair-carpeting, Brussels, 

 Kidderminster, and Venetian carpets and hearth-rugs, in which the 

 colors usually employed in woollen articles of the same class were 

 successfully dyed in jute. The greens were especially good, and the 

 effects produced were tasteful and well adapted to the purpose. The 

 only drawback is that the dyes in jute are not permanent ; but when 

 the fact is borne in mind that a good jute carpet can be obtained at 

 about half the price of those of the ordinary make, and that actual 

 wear, apart from the fading of the colors, is in favor of the jute, the 

 economical value of the material for use, if not for appearance, is at 

 once seen. 



Touching the value of the jute manufacture in Great Britain at 

 the present time, it may be interesting to state that about 40,000 tons 

 of this material are worked up annually, and that from recent returns 

 it has been calculated that from 30,000 to 35,000 spindles are em- 



