CHEMICAL SCIENCE. 209 



are successively, and after the previous application has become dry, 

 applied. No. 3 is applied twice. A bath of boiling water follows 

 Nos. 3 and 4. The shade of color is fixed by means of active friction 

 by a piece of woollen goods, and with a little oil. The shade of color 

 imparted is of a beautiful black, uniform in appearance. This 

 process is used in the manufacture of arms at St. Etienne. 



Copper Paint. The Paris Cosmos calls attention to a new pig- 

 ment recently brought into use in France. Its foundation depends 

 upon the possibility of reducing electrolytic copper to an impalpable 

 powder, which, being combined with benzine, can be employed upon 

 any surface as a paint. It possesses an agreeable lustre, and will take 

 bronze tints by the usual chemical means. By reducing the quantity 

 of copper, and adding bases of lead, zinc, or other metals, M. Oudry 

 obtains a series of paints said to possess great advantages over those 

 prepared with turpentine and ordinary oils. 



Utilization of waste Tin Plate. A process is now in use in Aus- 

 tria, discovered by M. Kulm, a German chemist, by which the tin 

 from the useless scraps of tinned iron plate is obtained in the pure 

 form. It is stated by the discoverer that the labor of four men can 

 produce yearly, from perfectly valueless tin cuttings, three hundred 

 weight of pure tin, with a large proportion of malleable iron and 

 other products. 



Experiments on Solubility. M. Gay-Lussac has ascertained that 

 the " solubility of a body is not modified when it passes from the 

 solid to the liquid state." The converse of this proposition is also 

 affirmed, that is to say, " that the presence of a solvent does not modify 

 the fusing temperature of a body if no chemical action takes place." 

 Thus, if finely divided sulphur is suspended in sulphuric acid, bichlo- 

 ride of tin, and amylic alcohol, which are three of its solvents, it is seen 

 to enter into fusion (be dissolved) in the three liquids exactly at the 

 same temperature of 111.5 Cent. Phosphorus enters into fusion at 

 44 Cent, in water, the various alcohols, chloroform, bichloride of tin, 

 etc. Similar observations have been made with iodine, and various 

 fatty bodies, always with similar results. 



Secrets in Glass Manufacture. It would appear that there are yet 

 some secrets in relation to the manufacture of glass, unknown to the 

 world at large, as the manufactory of M. Daguet of Soleure, France, 

 is known to be in the possession of an imdivulged method which 

 enables them to make glass of a purity which all other manufactur- 

 ers are not able to rival. A railway, recently constructed, and run- 

 ning past M. Daguet's works, has, however, so affected the glass pots, 

 by the tremor occasioned by the locomotives and trains, that work 

 has had to be suspended. For tin's M. Daguet brought action during 

 the past year against the railway company for damages, but when the 

 case came on for trial the court held that it would be impossible to 

 assess the damages, unless it were made cognizant of the secret, 

 and its pecuniary advantage to M. Daguet. The latter declined im- 

 parting this, and the court refused to proceed further. 



Painting ivith Aniline Colors. The American Journal of Photo- 

 graphy ; states that aniline colors may be used for painting albumen 

 photographs. These colors are all soluble in alcohol, and, being thick- 

 ened with the proper spirit varnish, are equally suitable for painting 



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