278 ANNUAL OF SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY. 



lower layer of charcoal and ashes, indicating the presence of man 

 and some ancient fireplace, or hearth, the bones of the animals were 

 scratched and indented as though by implements employed to remove 

 the flesh ; almost every bone was broken, as if to extract the marrow, 

 as is done by many modern tribes of savages. The same peculiarity 

 is noticed in the bones discovered among the " water-huts " of the Dan- 

 ish lakes. In this deposit M. Lartet picked up many human implements, 

 such as bone knives, flattened circular stones, supposed to have 

 been used for sharpening flint knives, perforated sling-stones, many 

 arrow-heads and spear-heads, flint knives, a bodkin made of a roe- 

 buck's horn, various implements of reindeer's horn, and teeth beads, 

 from the teeth of the great fossil bear (Ursus spelceus). Remains 

 were also found of nine different species of carnivora, such as the 

 fossil bear, the hyena, cat, wolf, fox, and others ; and of twelve of 

 herbivora, such as the fossil elephant, the rhinoceros, the great stag 

 (Cervus eleplias), the European bison (awrocAs), horse, and others. 

 The most common were the aurochs, the reindeer and the fox. How 

 savages, armed only with flint implements, could have captured these 

 gigantic animals, is somewhat mysterious ; but, as M. Lartet suggests, 

 they may have snared many of them, or have overwhelmed single 

 monsters with innumerable arrows and spears, as Livingstone des- 

 cribes the slaying of the elephant by the negroes at the present day. 



With reference to the mode in which these remains were brought 

 to this place, M. Lartet remarks : " The fragmentary condition of 

 the bones of certain animals, the mode in which they are broken, the 

 marks of the teeth of the hyena on bones, necessarily broken in their 

 recent condition, even the distribution of the bones and their signi- 

 ficant consecration, lead to the conclusion that the presence of these 

 animals and the deposit of all these remains are due solely to human 

 agency. Neither the inclination of the ground, nor the surrounding 

 hydrographical conditions, allow us to suppose that the remains could 

 have been brought where they are found by natural causes." 



The conclusion, then, in palaeontology, which would be drawn from 

 these facts, is, that man must have existed in Europe at the same time 

 with the fossil elephant and rhinoceros, the gigantic hyena, the aurochs 

 and the elk, and even the cave-bear. This latter animal is thought 

 by many to have disappeared in the very opening of the Post-Pliocene 

 period; so that this cave would, judging from the remains of that 

 animal, have been prior to the long period of inundations in which 

 the drift-deposits of Abbeville and Amiens were made. The drift 

 which fills the valleys of the Pyrenees has not, it is evident, touched 

 this elevated spot in Aurignac. 



In chronology, all that is proved by these discoveries of M. Lartet 

 is, that the fossil animals mentioned above and man were contempora- 

 ries on the earth. The age of each must be determined inferentially 

 by comparing the age of strata in which these animals are usually 

 found with the age in which the most ancient traces of man are dis- 

 covered, such as the deposits already described in the north of 

 France. 



The Fossil Remains of Man. The following is an abstract of a 

 lecture recently delivered on the above subject before the Royal In- 

 stitution, London, by Prof. Huxley : 



