and Food (MAFF) on July 1, 1987 through, powers conferred to MAFF by 

 sections 16(2) and 24(3) of the U.K. Food and Environmental Protection Act 

 of 1985 and Regulation 5 of the Control of Pesticides Regulations 1986, as 

 reflected in the Statutory Instruments No. 1510 (The Control of Pesticides 

 Regulations, 1986) . 



The UK Government also enacted the Food and Environment Protection Act 

 (FEPA) to ensure that in the future all antifouling agents of any kind 

 would be screened in the same way as other pesticides under provision of 

 Part III. This was coordinated with the Control of Pesticides Regulations 

 of 1986 which provided for the statutory screening of antifouling paints 

 beginning 1 July 1987. These regulations prohibit the advertisement, 

 sale, supply, storage or use of any pesticide - including antifouling 

 paints and treatments - unless approved by Ministers (see Able et al. , 

 1986, 1987 for an in-depth historical perspective) . The DOE has also 

 revised (January, 1988) its "Don't Foul Things Up" Leaflet to draw again 

 the attention of boaters to the likely environmental impact from organotin 

 in antifouling paints in 1988 when they expect a large amount of TBT paint 

 to be stripped off following the ban (January, 1988) . 



2.3.3.2 France 



In January 1982, the France Ministry of Environment announced a temporary 

 2 year ban on TBT paint containing more than 3% by weight organotin for 

 the protection of hulls of boats of less than 25 tons, for for both the 

 Atlantic coasts and the English Channel, following the official 

 recommendation issued by the "Evaluation Committee on Ecotoxicity of 

 Chemical Substances". The decree of 16 September 1982 extended the ban to 

 the whole coastal area and to all organotin paints, beginning October 1, 

 1982. These regulations also only allow the application of antifouling 

 paints containing organotin to hulls of all boats and marine craft having 

 an overall length of greater than 25 meters in length. Hulls made of 

 aluminum or aluminum alloys were exempted from the ban. 



2.3.3.3 Switzerland and Germany 



Both countries have banned all use of TBT in antifouling paints in fresh- 

 water environments. 



2.3.3.4 Commission of the European Communities 



The Commission of the European Communities on 1 February 1988 proposed 

 an amendment for Council Directive (76/769/EEC) restricting the marketing 

 and use of certain dangerous substances and preparations (COM(88) 7 Final 

 - Brussels) . The proposal lists "organstannic compounds" and restricts 

 their use as substances and constituents of preparations intended for use 

 to prevent the fouling by micro-organisms, plants or animals of: a) the 

 hulls of boats of an overall length, as defined by ISO 8666, of less than 

 25 meters, and b) cages, floats, nets and any other appliances or 

 equipment used for fish or shellfish farming, and may be sold only to 

 professional users in packagings of a capacity of not less than 20 liters. 



II-P-2 



