154 THE PLANT WORLD 



plant is fairly abundant, and is also taking possession of abandoned 

 berry bogs. It is not found in the immediate vicinity of the city, but 

 it was formerly known to grow in a bog near Richmond. 



'Witch-hazel Family. — The manufacture of Pond's and other extracts 

 must consume large quantities of this shrub. It would be interesting 

 to learn whether the method is destructive of the native supply, or 

 whether they depend on cultivation. It is not abundant in this region. 



Bose Family. — Wild roses seem to grow readily in all waste grounds. 

 Their seeds are disseminated by birds, and in many seaside colonies, 

 where artists and good taste prevail, they are protected and planted. 

 This is especially true of the sweet-brier, ninebark, mountain ash,vari- 

 rious species of crab apples, thorns, etc. In fact, the ornamental spe- 

 cies in this family are numerous and highly appreciated. 



Pea Family. — The lupines take possession of waste sandy ground 

 in Richmond and New Jersey, and their showy blue flowers are highly 

 attractive ; they have long, fleshy roots. Clovers are frequently culti- 

 vated, and have spread as weeds ; they are perennials, and reproduce 

 from seed. In many species of this family the seeds are particularly 

 fitted to reproduce the species. 



Geranium Family. — The wild geranium is always gathered, but it 

 withers very quickly, and does not revive ; it is protected by a thick 

 perennial rootstock. 



Sumach and Holly Families. — They are not appreciated at home as 

 they are abroad, or we should plant them more, and preserve them 

 oftener. There is not a more decorative mass of foilage than the 

 sumach, nor more symmetrical and beautiful shrubs than the American 

 holly and winterberry. Statistics with regard to the trade at Christmas 

 in the last named would probably show a large decrease in the supply. 

 It has been completely destroyed on Staten Island, where formerly it 

 was abundant, and the supply now comes from the Southern States. 



Malloiv Family. — The rose mallow makes glorious patches of color 

 in marshy meadows in the vicinity of New York, and is likely long to 

 survive : it grows readily from seed in dry locations, also, and is worthy 

 of cultivation. Its flowers wither too readily to be picked. 



Violet Family. — These flowers are generally gathered in bunches, 

 and the roots not disturbed : they seed quickly and abundantly, so that 

 violets are still common in the suburbs, and are not likely soon to be 

 exterminated. The showy bird's-foot violet suffered at the time of the 

 Spanish war, when the regiments were encamped on the Hempstead 

 Plains ; but market gardeners are its worst enemies. On Staten Island 

 the Country Club could protect it within the limits of its domain. 



Carrot Family. — The wild carrot, cow-parsnip, water-hemlock. 



