264 TEE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 



searching tests and clear and stable policies. The use of the corporate 

 form of organization, which makes the business unit the dependent 

 creature of the state, coupled with the increasing sensitiveness of public 

 opinion to the probity of the financing and the humanity of the opera- 

 tive policies employed, unite to demand a more skillful diplomacy, and 

 methods which will bear public inspection. The question of getting 

 adequate administration has now become pressing. 



Administrative Helps 



If the task of the executive is now more difficult than before, there 

 have been provided various helps to assist in its performance. In the 

 first place, the physical sciences have been applied to industrial opera- 

 tions in a multitude of ways in recent years. They assist in the test- 

 ing of materials, the refining of productive processes, the preservation 

 of the health of the operative, the sharpening of technical standards, 

 and the provision of new forces and instrumentalities. A second aid is 

 the greatly improved systems of accounting and cost accounting, and 

 the developing theories of valuation, which serve as the administrator's 

 chief instruments of precision, where problems of value rather than 

 problems of physical processes or of human nature are concerned. A 

 third aid is what is commonly called "system"; a somewhat indefinite 

 mass of rules of procedure, together with appropriate equipments, relat- 

 ing especially to office work, and representing the accumulated experi- 

 ence of innumerable official minds. The most recent aid is "scientific 

 management" which, taking its rise as a philosophy of the shop, has 

 culminated in a group of principles constituting an encouraging ear- 

 nest of a forthcoming more fully developed science of administration. 



The Professional Administrator 



The large business enterprises now required to meet society's need 

 are gathering the money of hundreds of investors, so that individual or 

 family domination resting upon ownership must decline as a system. 

 Between the multitude of stock and bond holders, on the one side, con- 

 stituting the proprietors, and the still greater multitude of employees, 

 on the other, there is being created a central strategic position to be 

 occupied by the professional administrator. The whole situation of 

 industry now conspires to create an opportunity for a new race of 

 executives which shall justly appreciate the various classes of respon- 

 sibilities resting upon it. Upon these men will rest a sort of trustee- 

 ship to preserve the property entrusted to them, and a sort of leader- 

 ship to guide and guard their employees. Upon them will also rest a 

 general responsibility to the public to help this day to live its life, and 

 this generation to make its contribution to progress. 



Wanted, therefore, new leaders for industry, who shall unite with 



