298 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 



emancipate the slaves last remaining in the civilized world, four millions 

 in number. He kept the faith, and gave the lesson for all of us in our 

 day, who have still with us war in all its enormity, many of us more 

 or less responsible for it, because we have not hitherto placed it above all 

 other evils and concentrated our efforts sufficiently upon its extinction. 

 Let us resolve like Lincoln, and select man-slaying as our foe, as he did 

 man-selling. Let us, as he did, subordinate all other public questions 

 to the one over-shadowing question, and, as he did, stand forth upon 

 all suitable occasions to champion the cause. Let us, like him, keep the 

 faith, and as his time came, so to us our time will come, and, as it 

 does, let us hit accursed war hard until we drive it from the civilized 

 world, as he did slaverv. — Andrew Carnegie in the Popular Science 

 Monthly for May, 1906. 



THE MOEAL EQUIVALENT OF WAE 



HAVING said thus much in preparation, I will now confess my own 

 utopia. I devoutly believe in the reign of peace and in the 

 gradual advent of some sort of a socialistic equilibrium. The fatalistic 

 view of the war-function is to me nonsense, for I know that war-making 

 is due to definite motives and subject to prudential checks and reason- 

 able criticisms, just like any other form of enterprise. And when whole 

 nations are the armies, and the science of destruction vies in intellec- 

 tual refinement with the sciences of production, I see that war becomes 

 absurd and impossible from its own monstrosity. Extravagant am- 

 bitions will have to be replaced by reasonable claims, and nations must 

 make common cause against them. I see no reason why all this should 

 not apply to yellow as well as to white countries, and I look forward to 

 a future when acts of war shall be formally outlawed as between civil- 

 ized peoples. 



All these beliefs of mine put me squarely into the anti-militarist 

 party. But I do not believe that peace either ought to be or will be 

 permanent on this globe, unless the states pacifically organized preserve 

 some of the old elements of army-discipline. A permanently successful 

 peace-economy can not be a simple pleasure-economy. In the more or 

 less socialistic future towards which mankind seems drifting we must 

 still subject ourselves collectively to those severities which answer to 

 our real position upon this only partly hospitable globe. We must make 

 new energies and hardihoods continue the manliness to which the mili- 

 tary mind so faithfully clings. Martial virtues must be the enduring 

 cement; intrepidity, contempt of softness, surrender of private interest, 

 obedience to command, must still remain the rock upon which states 

 are built — unless, indeed, we wish for dangerous reactions against com- 

 monwealths fit only for contempt, and liable to invite attack whenever 



