riiYsiLAL conij:mplation of the universe. 12 i 



coasts, many straits and isthmuses. Such a configuration of 

 cjntinents and of islands that have been partly severed and 

 partly upheaved by volcanic agency in rows or in far project- 

 ing fissures, early led to geognostic views regarding eruptions, 

 terrestrial revolutions, and outpourings of the swollen higher 

 eeas into those below them. The Euxine, the Dardanelles, 

 the Straits of Gades, and the Mediterranean, with its numer- 

 ous islands, were well fitted to draw attention to such a sys- 

 tem of sluices. The Orphic Argonaut, who probably lived in 

 Christian times, has interwoven old mythical narrations in his 

 composition. He sings of the division of the ancient Lyktonia 

 into separate islands, " when the dark-haired Poseidon, in an- 

 ger with Father Kronion, struck Lyktonia W'ith the golden 

 trident." Similar fancies, which may often certainly have 

 sprung from an imperfect knowledge of geographical relations, 

 were frequently elaborated in the erudite Alexandrian school, 

 w^hich was so partial to everything connected with antiquity. 

 Whether the myth of the breaking up of Atlantis be a vague 

 and western reflection of that of Lyktonia, as I have else- 

 where show^n to be probable, or whether, according to Otfried 

 Miiller, " the destruction of Lyktonia (Leukoma) refers to the 

 Samothracian legend of a great flood which changed the form 

 of that district,"* is a question that it is unnecessary here to 

 decide. 



* Ukert, Geogr. dcr Griecken und Rumer, tli. i., aLth. 2, s. 345-348, 

 and th. ii.,abth. 1, s. 194; Johaunes v. INIullei', Werke, bd. i., s. 38 ; Hum- 

 boldt, Examen Critique, t. i., p. 112 and 171 ; Otfried Miiller, Minyer, 

 s. 64 ; and the latter, again, iu a too favorable critique of my memoir 

 on the Mytkische Geographie dcr Griecken (Goit. gelehrte Anzeigen, 

 1838). I expressed myself as follows: "In raising questions which 

 are of so great importance with respect, to philological studies, I can 

 not wholly pass over all mention of that which belongs less to the de- 

 ecriptiou of the actual world than to the cycle of mythical geography. 

 It is the same with space as with time. Histoiy can not be treated 

 from a philosophical point of view, if the heroic ages be wholly lost 

 Bight of. National myths, when blended with history and geography, 

 can not be regarded as appertaining wholly to the domain of the ideal 

 world. Althousrh vasrueness is one of its distinctive attributes, and svm- 

 hols cover reality by a more or less thick vail, myths, when intimately 

 connected together, nevertheless reveal the ancient source from which 

 the earliest glimpses of cosmogi'aphy and physical science have been 

 derived. The facts recorded in primitive history and geography are 

 not mere ingenious fables, but rather the reflection of the opinion gen- 

 erally admitted regarding the actual world." The great investigator 

 of antiquity (whose opinion is so favorable to me, and whose early 

 death in the land of Greece, on which he had bestowed such profound 

 and varied research, has been universally lamented) considered, on the 

 lontrary, that " the chief part of the poetic idea of the earth, as it oc- 

 Vol. II.— F 



