198 ANTIIOZOA HELIANTHOIDA. 



Taylor, in Loudon's Mag. N. Hist, iii, p. 272, c. probably different 

 in species, altbough I have not seen a specimen so broad at the base 

 as it is there represented. 



25. Caryophyllia,'"' Lamarck. 



Character. Animal like the Actinia : Polypidom 'perma- 

 nently fixed, simple, striated externally in a longitudinal direc- 

 tion, the top hollowed into a lamellated stellular cup. 



1 . C. Smithii, lamellfE entire, arched, faintly crenate, from 

 three to five smaller ones hetween the larger ; centre tubercular. 

 Rev. Dr. Fleming. 



Plate XXXV. Fm. 4—8. 



Caryophyllia cyathus, Fleming in Wern. Mem. ii. 249 ; and in Edin. New Phil. 

 Journ. viii. 70. Broderip in Ibid. viii. 312. Flem. Brit. Anim. 508. — C. Smithii, 

 Stokes and Broderip in Zool. Journ. iii. 486, pi. 13, fig. 1-6 ; and in Bull, des 

 Sc. Nat. xvii. 157. BitcUand Bridgew. Treat, ii. 90. pi. 54, fig. 9-11. Harvey 

 in Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, part ii. 28 ; and in Mag. Nat. Hist. New Series, i. 474, 

 fig. 55. Thompson in Ann. Nat. Hist. v. 251. Portlocli's Lond. 334. Couch 

 Zooph. Cornw. 29 : Corn. Faun. iii. 72, pi. 12, fig. 3. — Caryophyllea sessilis, 

 Bellamy's S. Devon, 267 and 330, pi. 18. 



Hob. On rocks and old shells. " From deep water off Foulah, in 

 Zetland," Fleming. Southern coast of Devonshire, Thomas Smith, 

 Esq. Cornwall, abundant, Mr. Couch. Youghal, Miss Ball. 

 Bundoran, co. Donegal, R. Ball. Firmly attached to boulders of 

 granite in Dalkey island : Wexford bay : coast of Connemara, Wm. 

 M'Calla. Oban, J. Alder. 



The Polypidom is firmly attached to the rock so as often appa- 

 rently to make a part of it : it is inversely conical or cylindrical, 

 whitish stained with brown, striated or finely grooved on the exte- 

 rior, internally cupped and lamellar. The lamellse are of three kinds, 

 a larger and more prominent, between every pair of which there are 



* From Ko-^vov, a nut, and <^uXXov, a leaf. — The name has been so generally re- 

 ceived, that it might be difficult to substitute another for the genus, and yet it is 

 very objectionable. There is a Caryophyllceus among the intestinal worms ; and the 

 CaryophyllccB are familiar to all botanists. The following generic character of Caryo- 

 phyllia is given by Mr. Stokes : " Polypariimi simplex, basi affixum. Corona laminis 

 duplici serie dispositis, exterioribus majoribus, regulariter inaequalibus, maximis inter 

 seriei intemse laminas interpositis. Discus lamellis erectis, prominulis foliatis." — See 

 also Lam. An. s. Vert. 2de edit. ii. p. 346. The British species belongs to the 

 genus Cyathina of Ehrenberg. 



