382 POLYZOA INFUNDIBULATA. 



pidom^ pedicled^ clavate, rising from a filiform creeping shoot : 

 the club abdominal, oblong^ dilatable^ encircled above loith a 

 series of short ciliated tentacula, ichich roll themselves up ichen 

 at rest, and are not withdraion into the polypidom. 



1 . P. ECHiNATA, with the pedicUs spinous. Ellis. 

 Plate LXX. Fig. 5. 



Fleshy Polj^es of a red colour and a particular kind, Ellis Corall. pi. 38, fig. 5, E, F. 

 — Hydra Coronata, Flem. Brit. Anim. 554. Lister in Phil. Trans, an. 1834, p. 

 385, pi. 12, fig. 6. Sharpey in Cyclop. Anat. and Phys. i. p. 610, fig. 293.— Pedi- 

 cellina echinata, jxidicelUs ec-Miiatis, Sars Beskr. 5, pi. 1, fig. 1. Hassall in Ann. 

 and Mag. Nat. Hist. vii. 365. W. T]wmj)Son in Ibid. xiii. 440. Ann. N. Hist. 

 XV. 312, pi. 20, fig. 5. ./. Rdd in Ibid. xvi. 390. 



Hab. — Parasitical on corallines and sea- weeds between tide marks, 

 but especially near low-water mark. 



Polypes gregarious or clustered, rising from a creeping flexuous, 

 subcorneous, transparent fibre attached closely to the object on which 

 it grows ; the pedicle from two to four lines in height, similar in 

 structure to the radical fibre but roughish with scattered short ob- 

 tuse spines, tapered a little near the top where it is inserted laterally 

 into a proportionably large head that contains the viscera and is en- 

 circled on the top with the numerous short tentacula. 



" Before meeting with Sars' work," says Mr. Hassall, " I had ven- 

 tured to change Fleming's decidedly incorrect generic appellation of 

 Hydra, and to substitute in its place that of Cardua, retaining the 

 specific term. I was induced to confer this name upon it from the 

 great resemblance which the polypes of this zoophyte bear to the 

 heads of thistles, and this resemblance is strengthened by the pre- 

 sence of hairs upon their surface. A descending gullet, stomach, and 

 ascending rectum, are distinctly visible. Just above the stomach, 

 and apparently connected with it, a yellow body may be noticed : 

 this is in all probability a liver; it is not a gizzard, as no food was 

 seen to pass into it, although I was able to trace its passage in 

 its whole course along the intestinal canal. Above this yellow body 

 a dark, ill- defined mass is seen, the nature of which I am not able to 



Clava oblonga, compressa, varie dilatabilis, supra serie tentaculorum coronata. Ten- 

 tacula cylindrica cirrata. Os et anus vicina in extreniitate superiore excavata." — 

 The naturalist will find a translation of Sars' account of this genus in the Ann. and 

 Mag. N. Hist. xv. p. 381-2. — Before he became acqiuiinted with Sars' work, Van 

 Beneden had named the genus Orinomorpha,, 



