PLUMATELLID.E : ALCYONELLA. 391 



entire perfection- (Ann. des Sc. Nat., Part. Zool., vii. 120, plates 

 6 and 7;) but it appears that he has confounded the ova of the 

 Cristatella with true infusorial Xanthidia. See Ann. Nat. Hist, 

 iii. 444. 



FAMILY— PLUMATELLID^. 



31. Alcyonella,* Lamarck. 



Character. — Pol^/pidom fixed ^ encrusting or floating^ in the 

 form of an irregular sponge-like mass composed of vertical 

 aggregated memhranaceous tubes opening on the surface. 

 Polypes ascidian, the mouth encircled with a single series of 

 filiform tentacula, depressed or incomplete on one side : eggs 

 coriaceous, smooth. 



1. a. stagnorum. 



Plate LXXIV. 



Variation a. Sponge-lihe, massive, — A Icyonium flu via tile, i?osc Vers, iii. 159. Corall. 

 250. — Ephydatia Gibbsii, Gray Brit. PI. i. 353. — Alcyonella stagnorum. Lam. 

 Anim. s. Vert. ii. 102, 2de edit. ii. 116. Stark Elem. ii. 442. Lamour. Soland. 

 tab. 76, fig. 5—8 (bad). Teak in Trans. Leeds Phil. and Lit. Soc. i. 1 16, pi. 12 ; 

 and in Mag. Zool. and Bot. i. 293. — A fluviatilis, liaspail in Mem. de la Soc. 

 d'Hist. Nat. de Paris, iv. 130, pi. 12 — 16. — L 'Alcyonella des etangs, Blainv. Acti- 

 nolog. 491, pi. 85, fig. 8. 



Variation /3. Polypidom lohed or stellate. — Polypes a Panache, Tremh. Mem. 210, pi. 

 10, fig. 8, 9. Reaum. Mem. des Insect, vi. pref. ixxvi. — The Bell-Flower Animal 

 or Plumed Polj^je, Baker Employ. Micros. 306, pi. 12, fig. 15 — 22. — Hydra cam- 

 panidata, Lin. Syst., edit. 10, 817- — Tubularia crystallina. Pall. Elench. 85. — 

 T. campanulata, Lin. Syst. 1303. Berh. Syn. i. 215. Shaw Nat. Misc. x. pi. 354. 

 Turt. Gmel. iv. 668. Turt. Brit. Faun. 211. Adams on the Microscope, 449, pi. 

 22, fig. 32. Bosc Vers, iii. 92, Blumenh. Man. 272. — Leucophra heteroclit;i, 

 Miill. Infus. 158, pi. 32, fig. 27 — 34, copied in Encyclop. Method. Vers, pi. 11, 

 fig. 40 — 46 (in its foetal condition). — T. reptans, Bosc Vers, iii. 93. — Plumatellii 

 cristata. Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 107, 2de edit. ii. 122. Stark Elem. ii. 441, 

 Blainv. Actinol. 490. — PI. campanulata, Kisso L'Europ. Mtrid. v. 308. — Naisa rep- 

 tans, Corall. 99, pl. 6, fig. 4. — Cristatella campanulata, Flem. Brit. Anim. 518. — 

 C. paludosa, Dalyell in Rep. Brit. Assoc, an. 1834, 606. 



Hah. Stagnant waters, especially in such as are tinctured with 

 iron in solution ; their development chiefly in autumn. 



Polypidom, when at maturity, in large amorphous compact masses, 

 soft, compressible, and somewhat elastic, of a blackish-green colour, 

 irregularly lobulated or sinuous on the surface, which has a lubri- 



• A diminutive from Halcyon. The sponge genus Aleyoncllum of Quoy and Gay- 

 mard, being of subsequent creation, cannot be retained. 



