452 CLASSIFICATIONS OF ZOOPHYTES. 



Dr. Fleming' is the only British naturalist who has at- 

 tempted an original classification of Zoophytes, and although 

 no one, from his previous studies and important discoveries 

 relative to their structure and functions, ever came hetter 

 prepared for the task, yet the system he framed is assuredly 

 not superior to those of his predecessors. The Actinia and 

 Lucernaria were collocated with the Radiata acalepha or sea- 

 jellies, and the Zoophyta divided into four orders as follow : ^^ 



I. Carnosa. 

 Polypi connected with a fleshy substance. 

 Keeping this definition in view, who would have expected to find 

 Sponges and Corallines and Madrepores under this order 1 and yet 

 they are there in defiance of the definition. The following is a 

 synopsis of this order — 

 I. Free; marine; moving hij the contraction or expansion of the 



Fam. 2. — Mono7n/Ia petalopoda=:'Po\yin tuljiferi, Lam. excL gen. Lobularia. 

 Obs. — The Infusoria are also all arranged under tliis division. 

 Divisio B. — Zoophyta heterohvla. 

 Zoophyta e diversis substantiis juxtapositis formata. 

 Ordo. — CoRALLiA=Polypi vaginati, Lam. 

 Subordo. — Lithophyta. 



Fam. 1. — Litkophi/ta mdlipora=:Mi\\eTpov3d, Lam. 



Fam. 2. — Litlwphjta porosa. Gen. : Distichopora, Seriatopora, Madrepora, Mil- 



lepora, Stylophora. 

 Fam. 3. — Liihoj)Jii/ta lamellosa. Gen : Cyclolites, Fungia, Pavonia, Agaricia, 

 Echinopora, Lithodendron, Turbinolia, Anthophyllum, Strombodes, Acervu- 

 laria, Explanaria, Astrea, Sarcinula, Meandrina, Monticularia, Stylina. 

 Fam. 4. — Lithophyta fistulosa. Genera : Catenipora, Tubipora, Favosites. 

 Subordo. — Ceratophyta. 



Fam. 5. — Ccratophfta spongiosa. Genera : Spongilla, Achilleum, Manon, 



Tragos, Scyphia, Tethya, Geodia. 

 Fam. 6. — Ceratophyta alcyonea. Genera : Cristatella, Alcyonella, Lobularia. 

 Fam. 7. — Ceratophyta tubulosa. Genera: Plumatella, Tubularia, Neomeris, 

 Tibiana, Anguinaria, Cornularia, Campanularia, Pasythea, Serialaria, 

 Haleciiun, Sertularia, Antennularia, Electra, Salicornaria, Cellularia. 

 Fam. 8. — Ceratophyta foliacea. Genera: Tubulipora, Cabarea, Cauda, Elzerina, 

 Pherusa, Flustra, Cellepora, Alveolites, Ocellaria, Eschara, Retepora, 

 Adeona, LuniUites, Orbulites. 

 Fam. 9. — Ceratophyta cortlcosa. Genera: Antipathes, Anadyomena, Gorgonia, 



Isis, Melitaea, Corallium. 

 Fam. 10. — PenncB mariiKB. Genera : Umbellaria, Pennatula, Virgularia, 

 Scirparia, Pavonaria, Renila, Veretillum. 



* History of British Animals, Edin. 1828. 8vo. 



