456 CLASSIFICATIONS OF ZOOPHYTES. 



Order I. Brachiostoma. 

 Motith encircled with tentacida, often retractile. 

 Family I. Calamides. Pennatula, Virgularia, &c. 



• II. Alcyonea. Lobularia, Alcyonium, &c. 



III. Alveolaeia. This family is portioned into tribes. 



1. LamelUfera — the P. lamelliferes of Lamarck. 



2. Foraminosa — the P. foramines of Lamarck. 



3. Corticifera — the P. corticiferes of Lamarck, with 



the genera Penicillus and Flabellaria. 



4. Reticularia — the P. a reseau of Lamarck. 



5. Vagiiiiformia — the P. vaginiformes of Lamarck. 



6. Spongites — the sea and fluviatile sponges. 

 IV. LiMNOPOLYPi. 1. Tentacula retractile ; a sheath — 



Plumatella, Cristatella, Difflugia. 2. Tenta- 

 cula non-retractile ; no sheath — Pedicellaria, 

 Coryne, Hydra. 



Order II. Trichostoma. 



No tentacula at the mouth, ivhich are replaced by rotatory organs or 



cilice. 



Family 1. Oancriforniia — Brachionus, FoUicularia, Tubicolaria. 



II. Campamdata — Vorticella, Urceolaria, Furcularia. 



III. Caudata — Vaginicola, Tricocercus, Ratulus. 



Not having access to the original works, I must pass over 

 the methods of Oken, and Van der Hoven, the more wil- 

 lingly that they are but modifications, to no material extent, 

 of one or other of those which preceded them, are in no 

 respect preferable, and evolve no new principle, for surely 

 the assumption on Oken"'s part that the orders, families, and 

 genera in this class, as in the animal kingdom generally, are 

 regulated by a law which throws them into quaternary sec- 

 tions — the number 4 exercising throughout a paramount in- 

 fluence — scarcely deserves this praise. It is different with 

 the attempt of Rapp, Professor of Anatomy, at Tubingen, 

 who in 1829 published a small work in German on the natu- 

 ral history of the Actinia. He proposed to divide the zoo- 

 phytes, understanding the term in the same restricted sense 

 that I do, into two great orders, the Exoaria and Endoaria, — 

 the former producing their ova or reproductive gemmules form 



