Table 1. Some processes of soil formation. 



Name Process 



Eluviation - Movement of material out of a portion of a soil profile. 

 Important in forming the "B" horizon. 



Illuviation - Movement of material into a portion of a profile. 



Salinization - The accumulation of soluble salts such as sulfates and 

 chlorides of calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium 

 in salty (salic) horizons. 



Alkalization - The accumulation of sodium ions on the exchange sites in 

 a soi 1 . 



Humification - The transformation of raw organic material into humus. 



Gleization - The reduction of iron under anaerobic soil conditions, 

 with the production of bluish to greenish gray matrix 

 colors, with or without concretions of yellowish, brown 

 or black concretions. 



Podzolization - The migration of aluminum, iron and organic matter from 

 a horizon. 



Laterization - Movement of silica out of the horizon with accumulation 

 of iron oxides. 



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