Scotchbroom; 1-0 nursery-grown plants 

 are planted on 1-m (3-ft) centers in 

 solid bands 15 m (49 ft) wide. Scotch- 

 broom is very expensive due to nursery 

 costs; the seed treatment for nursery 

 plantings includes scarification or hot 

 water treatment. 



The second method used to stabilize 

 border or upland areas, mainly in the 

 Clatsop Plains project, has been disking 

 of beachgrass, followed by seeding to a 

 permanent grass mixture. A fall plant- 

 ing should be considered because rain is 

 infrequent in spring. The seed mixture 

 for drier upland sites is the following: 



Lupinus 1 ittoralis 

 Poa macrantha 

 Lathyrus japonicus 

 Festuca rubra 



7.8 kg/ha (7 lb/ 



acre) ; 



16.8 kg/ha (15 lb/ 



acre); 



16.8 kg/ha (15 lb/ 



acre); and 



9.0 kg/ha (8 lb/ 



acre). 



If the first three species are not 

 available, then an alternative mixture 

 of seed normally that is available on 

 the commercial market is the following: 



Festuca rubra 



9 kg/ha (8 lb/acre); 



Lol ium multiflorum 5.6 kg/ha (5 lb/ 



acre) ; 

 Vicia villosa 28 kg/ha (25 lb/ 



acre) ; and 

 Festuca elatior 11.2 kg/ha (10 lb/ 



acre). 



All seedings should receive 16-20 

 or 12-12-12 fertilizer application at a 

 rate of 336 kg/ha (300 lb/acre). 



When selecting sites for upland 

 habitat improvement, the land manager 

 should consider the complete habitat for 

 all expected users. A mixture of forest, 

 grasslands, and open sand is most desir- 

 able. The dry upland dune sites lend 

 themselves to multiple use management 

 for wildlife habitat and human recrea- 

 tion. Long-range effects of creating 

 new vegetative habitats should be care- 

 fully analyzed before planting. I do 

 not favor stabilization efforts unless 

 coastal dunes are threatening existing 

 resources, or lack some varied habitats. 



The deflation plain offers the best 

 opportunity in the Pacific coastal dunes 

 for intensive habitat creation and man- 

 agement. Selected areas, usually formed 



by prevailing winds scouring areas be- 

 hind foredunes, are excellent. After 

 being scoured by the wind, down to the 

 water table, the seed bed is perfect for 

 machine-drilled seed mixtures. 



Some areas can be used year after 

 year with some site preparation such as 

 disking and leveling. In the Pacific 

 Flyway we concentrate on a mixture that 

 supplements the dwindling food supply 

 for wildlife. 



Seeding should occur in late May or 

 early June, the date depending on when 

 the wind scouring reaches the summertime 

 water table. Planting too early results 

 in germination, some growth, and then 

 total failure. In addition, the irregu- 

 lar edge caused by failure results in 

 real problems in following seasons due 

 to uneven terrain. After the judgment 

 had been made to plant, the following 

 mixture is seeded and fertilized. 



(Forest Service Mixture): 



Barley 112 kg/ha (100 lb/ 



acre); 

 Perrenial rye grass 7.8 kg/ha (7 lb/ 



acre) ; 

 Alta fescus 25 kg/ha (22 lb/ 



acre) ; 

 Lotus major 4.5 kg/ha (4 lb/ 



acre); and 

 fertilizer 13-13-13 224 kg/ha (200 lb/ 



acre). 



Seed should not be drilled until 

 the water table is at the surface of 

 sand. Apply mixture at approximately 

 100 kg/ha (90 lb/acre). Areas to be 

 seeded with barley or barley-grass seed 

 mixture should be fertilized with com- 

 mercial fertilizer at the rate of 45 kg 

 of nitrogen, 90 kg of phosphate, and 

 90 kg of potash per acre (448 kg/ha [400 

 lb/acre]) of 10-20-20 fertilizer. Fer- 

 tilizer should be applied immediately 

 prior to or concurrent with drilling of 

 seed. Fertilizer may be applied either 

 by hand or mechanically, after planting 

 is completed, during or immediately 

 prior to rain, and only on days when 

 wind velocities are low enough so as not 

 to cause significant drift of the fer- 

 tilizer. 



Seed should be drilled with either 

 a single- or double-disk grain drill. 

 Barley used in this mixture has several 

 roles. First, it germinates in not more 

 than 2 days. This rapid growth allows it 



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